Transatlantic Change in North American Colonies

Included in these changes were: lab or source, kinds of labor, organization of labor, race and the types of crops/ agriculture needed. These changes ere more significant because they lead to even more changes, development s, improvements, troubles, etc. Which all lead to society today. Over time, the demand for labor remained the same; things needed to be pro educed, which meant labor was needed in order to provide suppliers/ consumers with whatever they wanted/ needed.The source of that needed labor, however, did change. Indentured SE ravens were the source of labor throughout the colonies, but in 161 9, the first group of people were brought from Africa to the Americas to become slaves. To some, slavery was discovered to be much cheaper and more efficient that indentured servitude: mass amount s of Africans could be brought over to America at once, and they could easily be sold and try added anywhere among the colonies where need be.To others though, there wasn't much of a need for slaves. People still favored indentured servants, whom they'd been using for q tutee a while already, because they felt more of a personal servitude with them, so they we area bit reluctant to give them up. Indentured servitude would soon be almost overshadowed b slavery though, because 30 years after 1 793, comes the cotton gin which will raise the importance of plantations, thus increasing slave demand.Even still though, the labor source changed from indentured servitude to slavery, as did a change occur from subsistence farm s to plantations. With this change from farms to plantations, came a change from subsistence crops to marketed crops such as tobacco and, the most famous, cotton; all of this can be seen as a result of the major population growth and expansion of the county, as well a importation/ exportation changes (trading slaves for goods, triangular trade).To restate, concluding, continuity was maintained in aspects such as demand d/need for labor, need for crops/ agric ulture, importation, etc. It was the changes (labor source, which crops/ type of agriculture is used, what is being imported/ exported) that occurred from transatlantic interactions that hold even more significance because they lead t o changes, improvements, developments, etc.

Business primary motive Essay

1a)Every business’ primary motive is to make profit. Here, the question is whether a company or a business should give up its economic advantage at the time of the crisis? Does anything change at the time of the crisis for a business? According to me, yes. Though every business aims to make profits, they have a social responsibility of helping the society, reaching out to it’s community people and to give back to society at times of crisis. Coming to the case of Bayer, Canada and the US were facing shortage of the ‘Cipra’ drug and Bayer should have let their profits go and helped the governments by providing the drug. Companies should follow humanist theories during times of national crisis. But we also see that Bayer was able to fulfill the orders and need for the drugs at all times. Though, Bayer have a social responsibility, it was uncalled for Canada and US to suspend the Patent rights. What ethical norm is central to the court’s decision in this case? 2. What fact seems especially powerful in shaping the court’s reasoning? 3. What reasons does the court provide for upholding the respondent’s disbarment? 4. Outline the reasons why Egil Krogh, Jr., believed he should not be disbarred by the disciplinary board of the State of California. 1b)Though the governments always have the power to take decisions such as these – impacting the patent law, there are regulations which they have to follow. Government should take these extreme measures if and only if it results in a major loss or causes health hazards to its citizens. Government should take such measures as a last resort, because they set the tone. If the government and the lawmakers themselves stop following the rules, then it is foolish to expect the civil society to maintain law and order in the society as the saying goes † As the ruler, so the ruled†. In this case, if the government had impacted the patent rights in some way, Bayer had a solid ground to take legal action against the infringement. They had enough sales in the previous year, they had fulfilled the orders and  requirements of the drugs in an efficient manner. â€Å"35 U.S. Code  § 296  ­ Liability of States, instrumentalities of States, and State officials for infringement of patents a) In General.— Any State, any instrumentality of a State, and any officer or employee of a State or instrumentality of a State acting in his official capacity, shall not be immune, under the eleventh amendment of the Constitution of the United States or under any other doctrine of sovereign immunity, from suit in Federal court by any person, including any governmental or nongovernmental entity, for infringement of a patent under section 271, or for any other violation under this title. (b) Remedies.— In a suit described in subsection (a) for a violation described in that subsection, remedies (including remedies both at law and in equity) are available for the violation to the same extent as such remedies are available for such a violation in a suit against any private entity. Such remedies include damages, interest, costs, and treble damag es under section 284, attorney fees under section 285, and the additional remedy for infringement of design patents under section 289.†

Antony and Cleopatra Essay

Explore the presentation and effects of love in Antony and Cleopatra Antony and Cleopatra is Shakespeare’s peculiarly fluid and intimate historical retelling of the love tale of the Roman soldier, Mark Antony, and the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra. The male protagonist, Antony, is a noble Roman soldier. That being so Shakespeare introduces him as having many cultural personality traits which in this play are affected, alongside with his judgement, by the love he feels for Cleopatra. From the outset of the play, the audience can see that Antony’s judgment has been affected by love. This can be observed from the people in Antony’s company. While it is obvious they regard him as a powerful figure they also disapprove of his relationship with Cleopatra. The audience can see this from Philo’s description of Antony’s â€Å"dotage† that â€Å"O’erflows the measure† (1, 1, 2)1. This shows that his obsession with Cleopatra surpasses a sensible level. Philo says that Antony’s heart has â€Å"become the bellows and the fan/ To cool a gypsy’s lust†. (1, 1, 7-10)2 This shows that some of his former greatness has gone as he has been degraded to serving, what others see as a â€Å"gypsy†. In addition to this the word â€Å"gypsy† also reinforces the Romans disapproval of their relationship as â€Å"gypsy† would give the audience connotations of a promiscuous woman. However moments before this Antony is described to have â€Å"goodly eyes† (1, 1, 2)3 which â€Å"glowed like plated Mars† (1, 1, 4)4. Philo’s reference to â€Å"Mars† the powerful Roman God of war, presents Antony as a powerful, invulnerable God-like being. However this is a demonstration of hyperbole as the reader knows that Antony, no matter how magnificent, is still a fragile and breakable mortal. This use of hyperbole adds humor to the play as the reader identifies the exaggeration and knows that Antony is mortal. This description enables us to see the vivid change in Antony’s judgement. As the play progresses the audience can further observe the deterioration of Antony’s greatness mainly because of awful decisions made by his affected judgement. This mainly happens because he struggles with the choice of whether to devote himself to a life of work, or a life of love. As a powerful Roman military leader and one of the three Roman rulers Antony should have extremely strong work ethics and ideologies, which in turn means any decisions he makes should favour work and responsibility. However this is not the case and his judgement is often affected by his feeling for Cleopatra. In turn this dramatically affects his actions, which contradicts with his ethics of work and responsibility: â€Å"Let Rome in Tiber melt, and the wide arch of the ranged empire fall† (1, 1, 33-4)5. Antony expresses his love for Cleopatra by saying he does not care if the Roman Empire falls. This shows the height of Antony’s love for her and the great deal that she has affected his judgement. This is more so as although this comment rejects Rome it also shows its greatness. As Antony is one of three rulers of Rome it should be his primary concern to uphold the Roman Empire rather than dismissing it for love. In addition to this Antony describes the empire as having a â€Å"wide arch† this metaphor illustrates to the audience that he believes that the Roman Empire is strong and will remain strong without him. Thus he can have a more pleasurable and relaxed lifetime. This quotation is also suggestive of Antony’s highly regarded position in the triumvirate. This is reveled due to Shakespeare’s use of the literary technique of iambic pentameter. As it is very complex to write in it enhances the importance of his speech, this is done primarily because he is stating his passion for Cleopatra which he believes is more important than anything else. During Act 3 Antony catches Thidias kissing Cleopatra’s hand. His jealousy enrages him and he commands his men to â€Å"Take hence this Jack and whip him† (3, 13, 94)6. This is less noble as he displays irrational behavior and angry which are seen as Egyptian traits rather than Roman cultural traits, as Romans are precise, measurable and rational. His treatment of Thidias can be seen as an Egyptian trait mainly because it recalls Cleopatra’s similar treatment to the messenger in Act 2 scene 5 as she also says: â€Å"Thou shall be whipped† (2, 5, 65)7. This again shows irrationality due to love, which both the lovers share. This parallel implies a similarity in their passionate temperament that can be provoked beyond self control. In turn this shows their height of passion as they both are envious and irrationally jealous, which displays the intensity of their love. In addition to this the lack of self control demonstrated by Antony shows his affect of judgment as Romans see self control as an act of responsibly, which is held just as high as their ethics of work. Despite Antony’s less than accurate judgment in previous scenes he is still a Roman at heart and shows certain aspects which benefits Rome and the notion of work. Antony experiences a major emotional struggle when he marries Caesar’s sister Octavia. Antony participates in the marriage for political reasons hoping to cement himself to his responsibilities. However, he was still caught in a struggle between Rome and Egypt.

How are we affected by price elasticity of demand Research Paper

How are we affected by price elasticity of demand - Research Paper Example The Law explains that keeping all other factors affecting demand constant, the quantity demanded for a product or a service at a particular point of time is inversely proportional to its price. Thus, price and quantity demanded has an inverse relation with each other. The higher is the price level, lower will be the consumer willingness to buy a product or a service. As a result, the demand curve is always negatively sloped according to the law of demand. (Source: Author’s Creation) The above figure reflects the demand curve where Q stands for quantity demanded for a product or a service and P is the price level. There are also other factors that affect quantity demanded. This essay will briefly explain the different determinants of demand, assuming the impact of one variable on demand is analysed provided all the other factors are given. The income of consumers is positively related to the quantity demanded for goods and services. The higher is the income of the consumers the greater is their level of purchasing power thus consumers will always demand more with the rise in income levels. The quantity demanded also depends on the tastes and preferences of the buyers. When analysed in details the quantity demanded for a product or service is largely dependent on the complementary and substitution effect. For instance, the quantity demanded for Pepsi will always be increasing with the rise in the price level of Coke. Again the demand for cars will drastically fall with the rise in fuel price. There are other products like Bajra also known as inferior goods, whose quantity demanded falls with rise in income of the consumers. The nature of goods concerned is also an important parameter to analyse the quantity demanded for a good or a service. The goods reflecting status symbol always show a positive price effect in the quantity demanded. For example, the demand for a house sold in auction. Necessities are other types of goods that are insensitive to the chan ges in price, like the demand for life saving drugs. Price Elasticity of Demand Elasticity of demand is a quantitative measure that shows the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded for a product or a service with respect to the changes in the various determinants of demand (IOWA State University, 2007). Price elasticity of demand shows the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded for a commodity or a service with respect to chances only in its price level keeping all other factors affecting demand constant (Andrews & Benzing, 2010). The basic method of calculation of price elasticity of demand (Ep) is:- Ep = dQ/Q dP/P P and Q stands for price and quantity while dQ and dP shows the change in quantity demanded and price respectively (Litman, 2004). In order to make the analysis easy, economists take the mod values for calculating price elasticity of demand. The table below shows the five basic variations in price elasticities of demand. Value Types of elasticity’s E p = ? Perfectly Elastic Ep = 0 Perfectly Inelastic Ep = 1 Unitary Elastic Ep > 1 Relatively Elastic Ep < 1 Relatively Inelastic (Source: Traczynski, 2007) The above five variations in elasticity are all measured in terms of their mod values. Impact of Price Elasticity of Demand The quantity demanded by the consumers technically depends on the different values of price elastici

Biographical research paper on J.K Rowling Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Biographical on J.K Rowling - Research Paper Example Philip Nel stated that, â€Å"Both Anne and Peter Rowling loved reading, read to their children, and by the time she was six, Joanne began inventing stories which she told to her younger sister† (Nel, 8). Besides, her close relationship with her sister forced her to play the role of a guardian who is free to create stories to impress her sister. William Compson stated that, â€Å"Rowling says that from a very young age, as soon as she was old enough to realize that people actually wrote books (as opposed to books simply magically appearing), she decided that she wanted to be a writer† (Compson, 14). Rowling collected the raw materials for her future authorship from her childhood and teen-age. Still, she did not neglect the importance of reading in her life. Victoria Peterson-Hilleque stated that, â€Å"Joanne excelled in many languages during her course of study† (Peterson-Hilleque, 23). On the other side, she knew that academic education can help her to pursue a university degree and career, but the same cannot fulfil her personal interest. The author made clear that, â€Å"Although Joanne had a university degree and plenty of teaching experience, she was unable to find a job† (Mattern 41). So, she tried to balance her life between academic education and literary interest. In short, her life before aut horship was a preparatory stage for the future success within the context of literature. Rowling is basically from the countryside of England, named as Yate. Besides, her father (say, P J Rowling) was an Aircraft Engineer who worked at Rolls-Royce Company. Similarly, her mother (say, Anne Rowling) was interested in science and was a science technician by profession. Robert P. Merges stated that, â€Å"Ms. Rowling came from a middle-class family of professionals† (Merges, 133). So, one can see that Rowling family belonged to the middle class society in England, and she was born in the year

Critical Thinking Class - Editorial Evaluation Essay

Critical Thinking Class - Editorial Evaluation - Essay Example They do this by stating the audience’s side of the issue objectively and fairly. This makes the audience realize that the writer is treating the issue with respect. For instance, the editorial board note that Mayor Michael Bloomberg defended the dishonored â€Å"stop- and-frisk program† and point out that the mayor claim the program to be important in cutting crime in New York City. However, we find the editorial board trying to give an objective statement of its position about crime by providing its opinion (The editorial board, 2013). The editorial board’s opinion is that the mayor’s claim is not credible. Again the editorial board tries to avoid using attacking language. It also implies that its position is not superior to that of the audience. The editorial board’s assumptions are that the crime would never decline in New York City, as compared to other cities, because citizens were detained millions of times without legitimate reason. In this case, the editorial board tries to explain the context in which its position is valid. Furthermore, its viewpoints are that crime would not stop even after the stop-and-frisk program insinuates the police department to command police officers to stop torturing people on the street. The editorial board also explores how its position differs from that of the audience by providing evidence. The evident suggest that the police department could have achieved its public safety goals through the legal use of stop-and-frisk program; when officers have legitimate reasons for criminal activities; and avoiding violation of the constitution (The editorial board, 2013). To conclude, the editorial board finally presents the thesis. This thesis is phrased in a way that reveals that the editorial board has made some concessions toward the position of the audience. For instance, it comes to agree that the crime rate in New York City is likely to decrease. This is because; in

Answering the questions according to reading Essay

Answering the questions according to reading - Essay Example Gender, politics, and race intersect in producing repressive heteronormative gender relations. Lindsey Feitz and Joane Nagel explore the intersections of gender, war, and sexuality in â€Å"The Militarization of Gender and Sexuality in the Iraq War.† They assert that although the U.S. military employs more women in army operations nowadays, the same heteronormative relations are imposed on the latter. Feitz and Nagel add the complication of race, as sexuality and gender issues intersect. They talk about the example of the rescue of Private First Class Jessica Lynch, whose race and gender contrasted to those of her takers, where â€Å"American men [were] saving a pretty, young, white American woman from the possible sexual and personal assault by dark and dangerous Iraqis† (206). ... Gil Z. Hochberg presents heteronormativity that is more racial than sexual, although the causes and effects have gendered dimensions in â€Å"‘Check Me Out’: Queer encounters in Sharif Waked’s Chic Point: Fashion for Israeli Checkpoints.† Hochberg shows how checkpoints in West Bank and Gaza depict heteronormative exploitation. In his analysis, he asserts that checkpoints serve to â€Å"produce the Palestinian body both as a symbol of imminent danger (â€Å"the terrorist†) and as the object of complete subjugation lacking any political agency (â€Å"the occupied†)† (578). Because these checkpoints target both men and women, heteronormativity is depicted in a regional scale, wherein one male nationality controls and suppresses a different male and female nationality. Sex and gender become political arenas of power over those who are more powerless or those whom the dominant race wants to render powerless. The male gaze is an important ima ge of heteronormative sexuality production in several articles. How the heteronormative male sees women affects how they treat them. Feitz and Nagel indicate the role of gender in the male military gaze. Military personnel, for instance, continue to see military women in their stereotyped roles (Feitz and Nagel 204). Female soldiers continue to be embedded into the heteronormative aspirations of the military in specific and the American society in general. In â€Å"Securitizing Gender: Identity, Biometrics, and Transgender Bodies at the Airport,† Paisley Currah and Tara Mulqueen explore gender issues in the U.S. Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) gender and biometrics practices. They describe that by using biometrics and comparing its results that to gender information, TSA’s programs

Nursing Issues In Australia - Staff Shortage Essay

Nursing Issues In Australia - Staff Shortage - Essay Example Projections show that, by the year 2021, twenty three percent of the population in Australia will be over sixty years of age. This has a double implication on the health care system. One, the work force, is shrinking which means a reduction in the number of working nurses. Two, the nation will be facing a high incidence of chronic diseases and degenerative diseases. The demand of the specialize services of the nurses is increasing at a higher rate than the expansion of the workforce. Most families are not willing or are unable to take care of their aged at home. This put the burden of caring for this population on the health workers (Elder et Al, 2009, p. 137). The social and employment pattern for women is changing. The health workforce especially nursing has predominantly been women. The changing pattern of workforce causing a shortage as the women is opting to work in other sectors. In Australia, the shortage of nurses is aggravating because of the number of nurses that are departing. As the nurses leave the profession, others are not joining as nurses. The working conditions of the nurses are not favorable causing nurses’ dissatisfaction. When alternative opportunities arise they exist. Further, the recruitment of nurses is low in comparison with the demand. There is a pool of nurses that are not willing to work in the health workforce. This brings an imbalance between the demand and the supply of nurses. The shortage of nurses is as a result of the number of students training the profession. The institutions that are offering the course have financial constrains (Chaboyer et Al, 2006, p. 467). This limits the admission of students beyond a certain number. The institutions are also suffering from a shortage of educator in the nursing faculties. These limitations lead to a low output of qualified staff. These are part of the contemporary issues affecting the profession of nursing. The nation also experiences a delay in

Casestudy Deepwater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Casestudy Deepwater - Essay Example Based on a report by the National Commission regarding the oil spill on 5th January 2011, it was discovered that these three organizations made an attempt to work much more cheaply; this triggered the onset of the explosion and thus ensuing leakage. â€Å"Whether intended or not, majority of the decisions made by BP, Halliburton, and Transocean escalated the threat of the Macondo blowout while simultaneously saving them plenty of time and money.†The government along with many other organizations in charge of the case tried to get to figure out the truth about who is really to blame. All the above mentioned organizations, BP, Halliburton, and Transocean should indeed be held accountable for the Deepwater Oil Spill accident. Supposedly, it was not intentional. However, there were severe consequences as a result and all three had an active role to play in it. Earlier on, BP released a statement stating that, even prior to the completion of the investigation by the commission, BP had incorporated substantial and adequate changes designed to enhance safety as well as risk management. To this, Transocean responded by blaming BP for arriving at decisions before the actual occurrence of the explosion and the government officials for conceding the decisions. According to Halliburton’s report, it was merely executing the orders of BP when it actually injected the cement into the well’s wall. It went further to criticize BP for its undeniable failure to carry out a cement bond log test. Precisely, BP was accused of nine flaws. In my opinion, they should all be held responsible for the incident because each had a role to lay in it. The penalty should vary based on the magnitude of one’s shortcomings though. In my opinion, there is nothing more important than safety. Safety helps to keep individuals alive and healthy. In every organization, each operation or process should only be carried out in the event that safety is ascertained. For business, the issue of safety

Online Shopping vs Brick and Mortar Shopping Essay Example for Free

Online Shopping vs Brick and Mortar Shopping Essay Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast in many different ways. Some of the ways are obvious such as one is online and one is an actual store, but there are others that many different people would not even think about if they didn’t shop in both settings regularly. Knowing the benefits of online shopping and shopping in store can not only save a person the hassle of getting out when something may be better to get online, but it can also save a person tons of money knowing which setting to buy certain things from. For instance, during certain times of the year store may offer exclusive savings on certain products if you buy them online and buy them together. This kind of promotion can save you massive amounts of money. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by sales, convenience, and coupon use. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by sales. When shopping online, stores sometimes offer exclusive sales for online only shoppers. When shopping online a person can save money on top of sales by shopping through a cash back service such as www. bates. com. Www. ebates. com will offer you a percentage of what you spend at certain stores online to encourage you to shop online at that store. When shopping online a person can take advantage of a good deal without having to justify themselves to a sales associate. Sometimes a sales associate will not agree with someone getting the great deal that their company is plainly offering. At least a computer will not argue with someone or try to make it seem like someone is trying to take advantage of the system. When shopping in store, stores also sometimes offer exclusive sales for in store shoppers only. When shopping in store a person can sometimes match prices at stores such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart offers to let a person match a price from another local store just by showing the cashier the print add therefore extending your savings. Some other stores like CVS also offer store cards that shoppers can use for even bigger savings and exclusive deals. Sales like these can really drop your bills! Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by convenience. When shopping online, a person can shop from the convenience of their own home. Another great advantage of shopping online is that you don’t have to take the time to put in makeup, fix your hair, or even change out of your pajamas. When online shopping a person does not have to spend gas money to get out and go to the store. Also, when shopping online a person can compare items from different stores to see which items are of better quality and value. In retrospect when shopping in a brick and mortar store associates can help a person with their purchase. When shopping in store with an associate a person can ask questions about the items that they are buying. A store associate can answer any questions about what a person is shopping for that they may have been curious about. This can be very helpful in choosing just the right products for your family. One other difference about shopping in store is that there are no shipping fees that need to be paid. There is also no wait between when a person purchases their items and when they get them. This effectively saves you both time and money. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by coupon use. When shopping online a store will sometimes offer exclusive coupon codes that are only good for online use. Sometimes the coupons that are offered online will have a higher value than a coupon that you will use in store. Stores will sometimes do this to encourage you to try shopping online as opposed to a brick and mortar setting. Also, when shopping online with coupons you do not have to deal with an associate during the checkout process. Sometimes an in store associate will argue with you about whether or not your coupon is legitimate or if that coupon can be used on the item in your cart. When shopping in store you can use paper coupons and sometimes printed coupons. Also, some stores will let you stack a manufactures coupon with a coupon put out by that particular store. This means that you can use two coupons towards the purchase of one item. The store coupon is considered the same as an in store promotion therefore allowing you to use a manufactures coupon as well. This can increase your savings dramatically. Online shopping and shopping in a brick and mortar setting compare and contrast by sales convenience, and coupon use. Online shopping and brick and mortar shopping have many different elements associated with each of them that many different people do not realize. Writing them down in an organized manner helps one to see all of the great differences and comparatives between the two. When shopping online there are great benefits such as exclusive sales, the convenience of not having to leave the house to get what you need, and that you can use exclusive online coupons. In comparison to this when shopping in a brick and mortar setting you can take advantage of in store exclusive sales and promotions, you can ask the store associates questions about the products you are buying, you don’t have to wait for the product to be delivered to you, and you can sometimes stack manufactures coupons with store coupons. These are all great comparisons and contrasts of online shopping and brick and mortar shopping, hopefully you can make an informed decision about which is best for you.

Nature Vs Nurture Twins Studies Psychology Essay

Nature Vs Nurture Twins Studies Psychology Essay This question will simply not disappear. And by no surprise in reality, it asks whether humans are free to behave as they want or whether their actions are encoded in them. In its modern nature, this controversial debate is based on terms of molecular genetics. Is the way we behave depended on gene structure, or is every human formed by his or her environment? (Trefil, 1996, para. 1) Throughout the middle term of the century, Americans religiously put faith in the second of these options. Human beings, we believed, were infinitely improvable, and if people behaved in a bad way, it was because of the environment they were surrounded by. We believed we could fix the environment and could make perfect human beings. On the contrary, evidence proved to be misguided strongly, heretically weak (Trefil, 1996, para. 2). However, times are different now. We have realized that many diseases are backtracked to our DNA, so we have also come to partially understand that genes play an important but not totally exclusive role in finding out our behavior. The proof that altered the perspective of the behavioral-science mainstream came in many shapes. Long studies of animals, rats, and fruit flies proved strong genetic connections on behaviors such as learning and reproduction. More precisely, the large archives of long and thorough studies of twins can show us the significance of genetic factors in mental disorders and a different variety of behavioral traits from the random interests of adolescents to general cognitive ability. These kinds of studies typically observe either identical twin, which share the same kind of DNA, especially identical twins separated and raised in environments different from one another, or at fraternal twins, who share different DNA but were raised in very similar environments (Trefil, 1996, para. 3). We need ask ourselves, what are the differences when it comes in terms of physical, cognitive, social-emotional; and the human developmental stages? B ut before we begin looking at does differences lets get to know a little more about twins and twin studies. Twin studies are a way that scientist and researchers use to study humans when it comes to figuring out what influences and individual the most; is it their genetics or their environment. Twins studies were first performed in 1876 by an English anthropologist Francis Galton (The Library Index, 2010). Francis Galton performed the twins study because he wanted to investigate the extent to which the similarities of twin changes during their developmental process (The Library Index, 2010). Galton like us was also interested in finding out what was more influential in an individuals life their genetics or the environment. A twin study is when the researcher takes both identical twins and fraternal twins and tries to compare and contrast information from both pairs of individuals by running test or just simply by observing the individuals. Identical twins happens about one-third of all births and it is when one ova or egg is fertilized by one sperm (Pekkanen). After the ova and the sperm fertilized the zygote divides and form two different embryos. Identical twins are always the same gender and also they share a hundred percent their genetic makeup. Fraternal twins on the other hand occur when two sperms fertilize two different ova or eggs at the same time. So what happens is that two different zygotes are formed and therefore two embryos are formed (Pekkanen). Fraternal twins share fifty percent of their genes and they can be the same gender or opposite genders; moreover, they are genetically similar to regular siblings (Pekkanen). Why are twins studies so useful when it comes to study the effects of nature and nurture? Twins especially identical twins are the closes we can get to a natural clone of an individual. Because identical twins share the a hundred percent of their genes it is easier to tell whether nurture plays a big or a small role in an individuals life. Fraternal twins are also good to study the effects of nature versus nurture because fraternal twins only share fifty percent of their genes so if any changes occur for example in the same environment then that lets us as researchers know whether nature plays a big role or a little role in an individuals life. Now that we have gotten enough information about nature and nurture as well as twin studies, we can start exploring how researcher have develop all the different theories on what really is that helps shape an individual. Is it nature or is it nurture? Physical Development Our book states that physical development is related to how the brain and the nervous system develops as well behavior development. Also in the physical development it is included the muscles, sensory capabilities and the need for food or a drink. Many factors help shape the physical development in an individual. The genes on an individual are the base line for physical development and then the environment helps shape the person according to what the person allows to come in from the environment. As we know identical twins have the same genes; however, many studies show that identical twins are not physically or behaviorally identical to one another. A lot of factors can help make changes, for example, if the twins do not have the same diets and nutrition then they are more likely to have different heights and even weights (Nature vs. nurture, 2010). Also when identical twins start to grow up they find ways to make themselves different from the other twin. They find ways like cutting their hair differently, wearing different clothing styles, having different friends and like different social activities (Nature vs. nurture, 2010). As for fraternal twins they only share half of their genes, but they also find ways to make sure that they are different from each other. Everyone wants to be an individual and twins are just like everyone else they want to find ways to be individuals and the environment helps with those decision. Cognitive Development Cognitive is related to the thought process and knowledge. When studying the cognitive process of humans many scientist use twin studies to get their results. Since identical twins are the closest the scientist can get to a clone of an individual because they have the same genes; the scientists can study how the environment shapes their intelligence. Also scientists use fraternal twins because they only share half of their genes, so they are just like regular siblings scientists can examine whether their genes shape their intelligence. Cognitive studies have been done for many years. One of the first scientists to study the role of genes in intelligences was Francis Galton (Bryner, 2006). Galtons theory is that parents transfer intelligence to their children. However, now days many scientists believe that genes and the environment work together to help cognitive development on every individual (Plomin, DeFries, 1998). Amy Wax on her article mentions that genes and parents do not just influence their childrens mental abilities, but rather that home environment, culture and peer influence also has an influence in their mental ability. Many scientists do agree with Amy Wax on how genes and environments work together on developing mental ability. However, it is believed that most of the influence does come from genetics and from the interaction with direct family members (Genetics and the,2010). Todays scientists use the IQ testing method to test an individuals intelligence. The IQ test measures an individuals ability to reason and to solve problems (Genetics and the, 2010). The IQ test has different versions of the test that measure different types of intelligence by using reading, comprehensive and mathematical problems. When comparing the results of family members the results are closer together than the scores of random people. Social Emotional Development There are significant discoveries that were made using different research methods to find social and emotional differences in twins. Political and social attitudes, ranging from divorce to the death penalty, were found to have a strong genetic influence in one Australian study. A Swedish study found genes significantly influenced two of the so-called big five personality traitsopenness to experience and conscientiousnesswhile environment had little impact. In contrast, environment influenced agreeableness more than genes did. (The two other traits are neuroticism and extroversion.) Another study, at the University of Texas at Austin, found that personality in identical twins correlated 50 percent and in fraternal twins about 25 percent (Neimark, Cochran, Dossey, 1997). Twins tend to start dating, to marry, and to start having children at about the same time. David Lykken, Ph.D., and Matthew McGue, Ph.D., at the University of Minnesota, found that if an identical twin had divorced, there was a 45 percent chance the other had also. For fraternals, the chance was 30 percent. The researchers think this is due to inherited personality traits. Both optimism and pessimism are heavily influenced by genes, but shared environment influences only optimism, not pessimism, according to a study of 522 pairs of middle-aged identical and fraternal twins. Family life and genes can be equal contributors to an optimistic outlook, which influences both mental and physical health, but pessimism seems largely controlled by genes (Neimark, Cochran, Dossey, 1997). Human Development Stages The first stage of human development is the prenatal stage. When we are talking about the prenatal stage it includes conception to birth. The prenatal stage of development begins once the egg has been fertilized. This happens when the mans sperm is released and meets an egg which then begins the fertilization, when the egg and sperm meet this is known as a zygote. This is the first stage of pregnancy. According to the text Child Development by Robert Feldman twins can also develop at this stage. For twins to occur there has to be a split off of the ovum within the first two weeks of fertilization. If the split off occurs the text states that there are two different types of twins that can occur; the first one is called monozygotic twins. Monozygotic refers to the twins be genetically identical. The second type that could occur if there is a split off is dizygotic twins. Dizygotic twins occur when there is two separate eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm. Once the zygote is form ed, whether it is single or multiple, it will then implant itself into the womens uterus. A placenta will then develop to support the embryo. The term embryo is referred to as the second stage of pregnancy when referring to the baby. The placenta will be the necessary nutrients to the embryo. Then an umbilical cord will form which will be another source for the embryo to get nutrients. The Embryo stage will last from 3 weeks to 8 weeks of pregnancy. The next stage is considered the fetus stage. This stage is from 8 weeks to birth. The second stage of human development is infancy. The infant stage is from the age of one month to one year, although there are variations of definition from the age of one month to the age of three years. To be specific a new born is considered from minutes old to the age of one month. During the infant stage the infant will go through several developmental milestones. According to Child Development text a chart lists some of the stages. It will begin with at approximately three months old the infant should start to roll over, then progress to rolling over. At the age of five months the infant should begin to sit up without needed support, the progress to standing with holding on to something. Next the child should be able to being grasping items using thumbs and fingers, followed by standing alone by about eleven months. Once the infant has mastered standing alone the next stage would be walking around twelve months. The child will progress to grow and develop many gross and motor skills as they develop. (Feldman 130) One thing that many especially parents love about the infancy age would perhaps be watching their personalities develop. During this stage the nature vs. nurture will certainly be scrutinized. Lets say we have identical twins; if one twin is outgoing and always going for the top that he wants while his twin just sits back and kinds just lets things happen around them, the parents might talk about how one has the personality of the mother, while the has the personality of the father. They might also consider a nurture trait while watching their twins play to be something that was learned perhaps by disciplining. If the father is more strict than the mother so when the father is around the children are a little more apprehensive to play freely just out of fear that they might get in trouble by their father; whereas the mother is more loving and allow the twins to explore more and develop more of their personality freely. This could be argued to be a nurture trait between the twins that will vary based on the emotions that they are feeling. Natures vs. Nurture run very close together, but are very distinctive. It is fun to watch and try to distinguish between the two and see who has which traits especially when you have twins. There are several studies such as the Twice the Talent article that have examples of how nurture vs. nature and the process of the human growth and development are all tied into one story. Its all around us every day. Early Childhood development most commonly refers to the time between birth and schooling, at approximately age 3. Many people in the field agree that this developmental period is the most critical and the most liable in any childs development. There has been a lot of research as to whether a childs environment (nurture) or a childs genetics (nature) are most affecting. My preliminary hypothesis is that there is a balance between the two, although it is not half and half. During this time period many amazing milestones are reached. Although according to studies, when it comes to those wonderful milestones of physical development, normal is a relative term, meaning every child accomplishes things at an individualized pace within a very clear time frame. Development includes everything from physical development, where the child starts out unable to roll over and proceeds to crawling, walking and running, to mental development where the child goes from barely expressing more than a few e motions, to speaking complete sentences and telling stories, to brain development specifically. Studies agrees saying, all periods of brain development probably begin within the first years of life. Every child goes through many phases in a comparatively short amount of time. There is a sizable amount of debate as to what is influential to early childhood development. Some people, particularly geneticists, say that nature plays the most important role. These people believe that children inherit a lot of their looks, personality, and skills from their parents and the children will, essentially, turn out to be a combination of their parents. Others say that nurture is the most important. They believe that a parent can control the type of person their child will become by different parenting techniques, interactions and home environments. There is, as in any debate, a middle ground that a lot of people think is how development works, and there is evidence that this may also be accurate . Nature is a quite specific term. It refers to genetic material that controls ones appearance, temperaments, and abilities. These are a preset list that cannot be altered and is inherited from both of the parents. This can include things such as height, eye color, ability to read or learn a language, temper or patience and many, many more. Some of these things such as temper are debated as to whether or not they are part of your internal nature, which makes nature versus nurture an even more complicated debate. One of the earliest signs of genes showing through is the first emotions. Only minutes after being born, babies in the nursery will feel sympathy and empathy for each other and when one starts to cry, others start to cry too They are not taught to do this, its just natural, they barely have had contact with adults. Emotions are essentially pre-programmed (Gable). Everyone is born with the genetic ability to express emotions of a big variety from joy to rage to fear, but they ha ve to be in a situation that brings them out. For example, a baby will not experience rage often. It would probably occur later on in life when the child is older and he or she gets in an argument. Brain and physical development are also essentially pre-programmed. There is a specific pattern that the various parts develop in, which is related to each other exactly. The length of time it takes to go through each developmental phase does vary from child to child but that time amount is often genetically fixed, varying on a week or more scale, depending on the phase. Physical development, which is more influenced by nature than nurture compared to mental development, basically moves from head to toe. First the head and neck gain control so the baby will raise its head while lying on its back. Language is another of the many things affected by nature. Before a baby is even an hour or so old it will recognize his native language and respond differently to that versus other. Babies also have the ability to hear, and thus learn, all the various sounds in any language but unless this is practiced and regularly heard they will lose the ability within the first year in life. An example of this would be a study done on Chinese babies. Babies of various ages and language exposure were tested to see whether they could tell the difference between an r and an l sound which Chinese adults have difficulty with. Babies with regular exposure to English and babies under age one could distinguish one from the other but other older babies had problems. The reason this is significant is that it shows humans are born with the ability to understand a great range of language even if it is not one that will be used and it is a part of your nature, when previously it was thought that all language skills must be taught. Now, Nurture abides of many things. It is the environment the child is raised in, including parenting, early schooling, the home, eating habits, interactions with people and many other things, but excluding genetics. As Sarah Gable says, The way a parent nurtures a baby has a profound effect on how the child develops. Stimulation is a very important part of brain development, which consists of anything that causes the brain to be used, through any of the senses. Without the stimulation the brain has no opportunity to develop, and because the human brain triples in size from one quarter to three quarters its adult size within the first year, its very important that this occurs early in life. Stimulation doesnt have to be anything as complex as piano lessons or vocabulary flashcards though. It can be as simple as hanging a mobile over the crib to give the child something to visually focus on. Vision is a particularly good sense to work on improving, as babies only truly see light, shad ow, and some colors for the first couple of months. By age two the baby usually has 20/60 vision, which continues to sharpen to about 20/25 by age six(Gable). Other stimulation can be anything from playing with new toys to regularly talking to the baby and pointing out people, objects, and other things as you talk about them. This will help the baby learn to make affiliations between speech and objects, which is how they learn the words for things, and also get the first interactions that are important. Gable says, it is also great to expose babies to new places and people, even if it going next door to your friends house with you. The way almost all studies are done with babies most often involve giving a baby a pacifier with instruments inside that can measure how fast and hard they are sucking on it. After the baby is given the pacifier various sounds are played or images are shown and the reactions are observed and recorded. Faster and stronger sucking on the pacifiers occurs wh en the baby is more attentive or astounded. As mentioned before, some of the arguments help both sides of the debate. For instance, although emotions and their reactions are pre-programmed, the situations that bring them out would be categorized as nurture which leads me to believe that nurture may be a bit more important. Also, with the topic of language, the idea that after a year babies start to lose the ability to hear the other phonetic sounds outside of their own native language means that without the regular exposure (nurture) they lose this. Its got to be nature because they are born with the ability, but its nurture because without use they lose it. As twins begin their adolescent years they seek out to establish their own unique qualities. While one teen may be interested in sports the other may be interested in music or art. There has not been a 100% guarantee that those interests have been linked to their genetic makeup or environmental factors. Although behavioral scientists have determined that genes play a role in personality development they havent yet determined how the genes interact in a particular personality trait. There is no gene for music or sports, so with that said environment must play an equal role. As teens begin to explore new friendships, they tend to seek out friends that are somewhat like themselves. One of the twins may be very shy and the other more outgoing. Choosing friends seems to be more on the environmental side of the scale. Some scientists have also believed that genetics contribute to most behavior attitudes but studies still have not shown certain proof. Being around twins, it may seem believa ble that their likes and dislikes can be related to their surroundings. On the other hand, when they are apart, sometimes they do some of the same things without even knowing which may be a part of the gene factor. It seems to be evident that both genetic and environmental factors play an equal part in our twin studies. As scientists continue to study those factors maybe they will come to a conclusion as to which factor is greater. In conclusion, almost everyone in any related field has an opinion as to which is truly more important, nature or nurture. The director of a group called the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, Thomas Bouchard, believes that 70 percent of a persons personality is genetic and 30 percent is due to environment. The director of the Louisville Twin Study, Adam Matheny, however, says it is 50-50. Although in our opinion is that, both nature and nurture are very important. As we have mentioned before, both of the two are affecting to language development and as well as emotions. A lot of physical development is pre-programmed to accompany with brain development and is brought about through nature. Nurture, such as stimulation, is also necessary for the brain to develop though. Even the cases of identical twins are not a perfect example of nature working its secret. If some of the ties happen to be coincidence and some happen to be based on doubtful knowledge of their past, the entire ide a seems less dependable. For example, the fact that the Easterling twins both named their sons James Allen or James Alan is simply naming the child after themselves, and then it might be Allen/Alan because they were told that their birth father was named Alan. The only way we could know for sure is to know more about the connection of all the things that are the same between them both. Since we dont know any context we can only take it as the doubtful information it is. Based on all my given information, I believe that nurture is more important than nature, at a balance of approximately 70 percent of early childhood development being influenced by a persons environment and 30 percent being influenced by genetics. The two are so tied together that you cannot ever fully divide one idea from another.

Character Analysis Of Hamlet

Character Analysis Of Hamlet Hamlet is very brave in that he does not fear a challenge. Hamlet at times can prove to be very cautious, at times he thinks when he should act, however when you are king there can be advisors for such matters. Beware Of entrance to a quarrel; but being in, Beart that the opposed may beware of thee. Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice; Take each mans censure, but reserve thy judgment. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressd in fancy; rich, not gaudy; For the apparel oft proclaims the man. (William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 1 Scene 3) Many times in history leaders should have thought, when instead they acted on impulse, for example Odysseus, from The Odyssey when he and his men escaped the island of the Cyclops instead of tucking his tail and being happy with his slight victory after taking numerous loses, he instead taunted the Cyclops and brought harm near his crew and to himself. For Odysseus did not know that the father of this monster was the water god Poseid on. Odysseus like all heroes, his main downfall was hubris, and because Hamlet thinks so before he acts he avoids mistakes like this adding to his attributes as a good leader. He can also be as brave as Hercules, for instance when he travels to see the Ghost of his father for the first time, he could have sunk back and ran from the very sight of it, but instead he ran after it and confronted the Ghost and demanded answers. He did not fear what he could not understand as his companions that accompanied him did, instead he was assertive and got to the bottom of the matter. Another account when Hamlet showed quick thinking and bravery was when he intercepted a letter from his Uncle Claudius to the King of England ordering the death of Hamlet on his arrival to England, instead of running and hiding Hamlet used his wits and changed the letter from his head to be had to that of his deliverers. Then in a challenge of swords by Laretes, known to be one of the very best swordsman in his land , Hamlet does not back down. Hamlet takes the challenge head on proving his worth in battle. The fact that Hamlet is his fathers son is very important, he was there behind his father always watching and observing how a king did and should behave, he saw his fathers bravery and his mistakes and Hamlet could use all these experiences to make himself a better king even better than his father. He is of a bloodline of kings, a tradition that is to be kept and Hamlet would have been next in line. The job of taking the throne was in his blood when he assumed the responsibility, ready or not he would have known what to do. There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so. (William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 2 scene 2) Hamlet portrayed loyalty to his country his father and his mother. He even showed love and loyalty to his mother after he found out the role she took part in aiding Claudius to take the life of her first husband, the king and take the throne and her bed. She knowingly lay in bed with the man that killed her husband the king and Hamlet still loved and forgave her. He became angry with her at times but his loyalty was not shaken. He showed an immense amount of loyalty to one person unwaveringly throughout the play, Horatio. Horatio was Hamlets confidant and best friend throughout much of the play Horatio was the only person that Hamlet could truly trust. Horatio was the only man that did not play pawn to the king in an attempt to change and alter the feelings of Hamlet in the matters of his fathers death and his new uncle-father-in-law. Hamlets ultimate allegiance lied with his father, his father asked Hamlet to avenge his death by any means necessary and if it meant to slander his nam e or the name of his family so be, it or if it ultimately meant death then he shied away from that neither. Neither a borrower nor a lender be; For loan oft loses both itself and friend, And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. This above all: to thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. (William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 1 scene 1) Hamlet attended the University of Wittenberg and he was not there just as a noble trophy he learned and he was a highly educated man. Throughout much of the play Hamlet is drunk with anger, vengeance and sorrow, and these emotions clouded his mind and altered his actions. While Hamlet was not himself at times and he would say things that many thought off the wall or out of the ordinary, his next words could make complete sense and be beautifully stated. Hamlet showed his intelligence by expressing his thoughts and feelings on complex ideas such as; life and death, humanity, human nature, and light and dark. To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer. The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep: No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heartache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to,t is a consummation Devoutly to be wishd. To die, to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, theres the rub: For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause: theres the respect That makes calamity of so long life; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, The oppressors wrong, the proud mans contumely, The pangs of despised love, the laws delay, The insolence of office and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscoverd country from whose bourn No travel er returns, puzzles the will And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all; And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry, And lose the name of action. (William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 3 scene 1) Hamlet loves his country and in return his country loves him, he would without a doubt have the faith and respect of his country. Respect, a very important aspect to a relationship, every relationship that is to work must have respect. The love shown to him by his country may very well have kept Hamlet alive throughout much of the play. In the play before his fathers death everyone in Denmark wanted to be with or more like Hamlet, he was a national icon. After the death of Hamlets father the nation wept for him and showed him pity, for they loved their prince. In the prince was the faith of the people. Claudius became the king through the act of treason, killed his brother and committed other crimes like incest that would question his ability to serve as a good king. That does not mean he is incapable of serving as a true leader but there is evidence that he may be prone to corruption. Claudius had the desire to be king and he had some of the basic traits of a good leader but that was not enough to get him through. Claudius like Macbeth suffers from similar evils, they kill the king to become king and the only thing that becomes of their advancement is lies, murder and destruction. They are not able to even enjoy their spoils because the unsolved murder looms over their heads and rains down upon them a shower of lies and blood that haunt their dreams. Shakespeare follows a trend in his plays there is a pot stirrer in each of the plays in Macbeth it was Macduff, always from the start questioning Macbeths loyalty and kingship, and then in Hamlet it was the Prince Hamlet that would no t let the issue of the murder of his father leave the forefront of Claudius mind leaving him forever unsettled. When sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions. (William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Claudius, Scene V) In comparison to Hamlet, Odysseus is clearly a hero, especially when he faces moral dilemmas and chooses not to fall prey to his temptations. He makes decisions that would characterize him as a hero when he chooses hardship and death with his family. My lady goddess, here is no cause for anger. My quiet Penelope-how well I know- Would seem a shade before your majesty, Death and old age being unknown to you, While she must die. Yet, it is true, each day I long for home, long for the sight of home. If any god has marked me out again For shipwreck, my tough heart can undergo it. What hardship have I not long since endured At sea, in battle! Let the trial come. The question that presents itself is, is Odysseus a good leader or a good king in Odysseus case they work separately. Odysseus is a ruler of his lands but he is never there to rule his lands or his people. He instead embarked on quests to gain glory and honor, these were self-fulfilling ambitions. A kings stead is in his people, a king must be self-less and but his peoples best interest before his own if he wished to be a good king. He was not out fighting for his people, his land or his family but he was seeking glory, a goal that solely benefitted him. Odysseus was not present, not meaning that he did not care, or at times he wanted to return more than anything but it was simple, he was not present to rule, not making him an ideal king. As Odysseuss rule as a leader of his crew of men, he had their utmost respect and they trusted him and served him above all to the death. Odysseus put his men before himself in certain situations but at other times he used his men as mere pawns to reach his goal. For instance when Odysseus returned home and found the suitors battling for his wifes heart, instead of taking action and taking back his home and family he played with them and toyed with them as if he played a game chess. Macbeth above all else showed a burning desire to be king, so strong was his desire that he would kill for it. If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me. (Macbeth, Act I, Scene 3) Aside from this Macbeth was a liar a murderer and a dark cloud of his actions followed him wherever he went. Macbeth was lost to a spiral out of control of his actions, lies compounded more lies and to cover his tracks he had to kill and to cover that up he had to lie and kill another until the process needed to be repeated, never ending.

Jews Demand Holocaust Reparations :: essays research papers

American Dissident Voices Broadcast of April 7, 2001 As Ye Sow . . . . By Dr. William Pierce Hello! First, I want to admit to an error I made in last week's broadcast. I attributed to the circus impresario P.T. Barnum the statement that no one ever lost a nickel by underestimating the intelligence of the American public. At least two alert listeners have since pointed out to me that the statement actually was made by the journalist and writer H.L. Mencken. The statement for which P.T. Barnum should be remembered is that a sucker is born every minute. Last week we talked about the rewards of increasing "diversity" in America. The primary reward is the growth in alienation as young Americans fail to develop a healthy sense of racial identity and fail to find satisfactory role models. Diversity goes up, and homogeneity simultaneously goes down. And as homogeneity goes, so goes the individual's sense of community, of belonging, of identity. And we also talked about many of the side benefits of diversity: rising suicide rates, a greatly increased incidence of neuroses and psychopathologies, more schoolyard shootings, a growing pregnancy rate among unwed White teenagers, the confusion and loss of values, lowered academic standards, the trashing of the history and literature curricula in our universities, and a number of other consequences of the diversity being visited upon us by the government and the Jewish media. And America is not the only nation ruined by the diversity-mongers. If you've been paying attention to the news of what's happening in the Balkans, you will have noticed that the bloodshed and misery begun there by the determination of Madeleine Albright and the Clinton government to ram multiculturalism down the throats of the Serbs is still spreading. The killing going on in Macedonia now is a direct consequence of the Clinton government's bombing of Belgrade in order to force the Serbs to accept the multiculturalization of Serbia's Kosovo province. If you remember, the excuse given by Madeleine Albright and her kosher crew was that the wicked Serbs were mistreating the Albanian minority in Kosovo, who merely wanted to live in multicultural bliss with the Serbs. Well, of course, the Albanians wanted no such thing. They wanted exactly what the Serbs wanted: namely to have Kosovo all to themselves. So as soon as Madeleine's hired gunmen shifted the balance of power in Kosovo and forced the Serb army out, the Albanians, instead of hugging their Serb neighbors began killing and terrorizing them. The Serbs fled for their lives, and now the Albanians run Kosovo, except for a few all-Serb

human nature Essay -- essays research papers

What is human nature? It is very simple. Human nature refers to the patterns of behavior that are typical of our species or our kind. Human undergoes change as all humans grow up they nature seems to change; the environment someone grow up in effects that persons nature. To fully understand human nature Dr. Marvin Harris takes us on trip to time, which makes sense because if we better understand our past and our origin we will better understand our very existence and our nature. We will know more about who we are where we are from and such other questions that puzzle the human mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I mentioned before our environment has a great effect on our nature. For example a theory claimed that, the first humans were originated in Africa in the time frame of 115,00...

Globalization of business operations and industries Essay

Globalization of business operations and industries has created a new challenge for organization penetrating in international markets. Several factors require management when firms focus on diversifying its product/service offering in international markets. Especially limiting the viewpoint to human resource requires managing the workplace diversity, employee selection mechanism, cultural differences, and managing the intercultural communication requires assessing the capabilities of organization to address these issues. International market business operations present the companies with acquiring new set of skills and transformation in human resource policy in order to perform the services with flexibility that doest not hinder in goals achievement. Workplace diversity management is the essential and important issue that needs to be address by an organization entering in international markets. Since diverse workforce consist of people belonging to different culture, races, having different ethnic background, a different way of learning; thus providing different ideas merging in organization. This enables organization to utilize and focus on enlarge business challenges in different business markets. Strategic HRM policy structure gives flexibility to organization for changing its focused principle in consideration of market needs; such as cultural dimensional factors identified by Hofstede on various dimensions helps identify the factors to be addressed by organization based on the market needs. Cultural differences have strong implications for organization expanding in international markets. Therefore, organization needs to give autonomy and flexibility to employees that will serve organizational purposes in international markets by leveraging the HRM policies. This can be done by regulating the rewards and compensation package structure for employees who will need to be relocating in different workplace locations due to their skills required to penetrate and serve in international markets. In relation to managing cultural differences, organization must define a comprehensive and decentralized decision making structure through defining the hierarchy management channel in its policy for international markets. Since few activities of firm remain limited in centralized location, so in order to comprehend the objective proper decision making style will enable accuracy and timeliness of activities. Decentralization of decision making structure will reduce the possible delay in decision making due to multi-level hierarchy structure of an organization and will also result in better assessment of any situation due to diverse workforce. Communication between departments and stakeholders is highly significant when concerning the international operations of an organization. Effectiveness of organizational culture for performing international operations is based on the communication style related to information processing, decision convey ability, surpassing the imperative information related to business decision making, and matters related to managing intercultural communication barrier. Ambiguous and unstructured problems require managing the barriers to improve the interdepartmental sharing of information for goals accomplishment. This issue can be addressed by initiating equal employment opportunity program for international business which would limit the selective culture growth of organization and encourage workplace diverse. Frame of reference affects the cross-cultural communication due to selective visionary capabilities of employees to foresee the potential growth possibilities. Therefore organization must initiate a formalized recruitment program focusing on viewing various individual dimensions in its SHRM policy structure to normalize the responses towards reducing frame of reference. Stereotypical response by employees increases the biasness that affects the communication at international level increasing the chances of intergroup conflict affecting the effective goals accomplishment of organization. In association to this, chances of misunderstanding increases when firm do not address discrimination issue in its HRM policy to manage international operations functionality. Impartiality of decisions thus contributes towards progressive growth pertaining to employee contribution. At international level, cognitive dissonance is also a big challenge for firms to manage as ambiguity in information sharing leads towards strong misunderstanding among departments which may be depicted in actions leading towards wrong objectives setting. Company must address the corporate culture issue and coordination mechanism in its HRM policy to reduce the impact of cognitive dissonance on organizational goals accomplishment. Sony Corporation has developed a communication structure identified in its HRM policy to increase the effectiveness of communication among its employees in regional offices and production sites located in China. Employees are given combined training sessions, and encouraged to participate in workshops which increases the communication among employees belonging to different cultures and understand their potential issues that may arise due to operations in international markets. Human resource ethical issue also has implication for firms either they operate locally or in international markets. Employee privacy, job safety, health standard, workplace environment and condition, legislation for employees’ rights protection are essential duties for senior management to address in strategic HR policy. This although may create certain challenges to address by management but provide job satisfaction to employees; policies amendment concerning addressing the ethical issues differ of country basis due to differing working demand and obligations by country law. However, an organization can standardize the procedure and policies giving protection to employees as its ethical responsibility. SHRM policy can emphasize on employee welfare concept that aimed at addressing the factors leading to increased employee living standard; consequently, employee involvement in work increases and firm’s penetration power in international markets also strengthen due to direct participation of employees in organizational objectives achievement.

Lifes Ups and Downs Essay

One warm weekend in June, my girlfriend decided she wanted to take me on a weekend getaway to none other than Las Vegas, Nevada, a place where no one else existed but me and her. So I thought. I was totally ecstatic; at this point it’s been moths since we’ve been out just the two of us with no kids. The first night we get there we get dressed up and make reservations at our favorite restaurant. The moment we get to the restaurant, she starts acting weird and all of a sudden does not find a single thing on the menu appetizing and complains of a stomach ache, so we leave in a hurry. Arriving back to our suite, there is a card taped to the door with her name on it. So many thoughts are racing through my mind, â€Å"She is planning something special for us, she has a surprise for me, maybe she ordered room service while we were out and it was inside waiting for us.† As quickly as the thought came they left, we entered the room only for her to admit she was just too tired and needed to rest. So I let her, I laid next to her wondering what was going on, what was going on in her mind. It was almost like we were living in two different worlds. As she slept curiosity suddenly came over me, very quietly I got out of bed grabbing her bag which contained the note that was tapped to the door, into the bathroom I went. My eyes could not believe what was written so boldly across the paper â€Å"I HOPE SHE WAS WORTH IT.† I could not resist questioning the matter at hand, I woke her up and she blatantly denied there being any meaning to this card. We argued hard and like ever before, almost like she had forgotten who I was, like I didn’t matter to her. The rest of the night went on and we were both hurt. I used indirect termination strategies to spare my heart anymore hurt. I couldn’t come to terms that this was finally coming to an end. Four years later, I found out I was never her one and only I was simply her girlfriend number two. Being very cautious to every relationship offer that came my way, I turned down so many. I did not care to see another relationship. I was never one to â€Å"get-over† a bad situation, but I knew I had to move on; I couldn’t come to terms with my last break up. Just as soon as I let down my guard, there she was someone who made me feel alive again. She helped me heal every wound in my heart and soul. Until, I started to see some similarities from my past relationship. She was so secretive, there began to be relational violence. I had to wear sunglasses everywhere I went even if I was inside because of the bruises I would have from the nights before when I didn’t do what I was asked in a timely manner. When the questions came from my friends and co-workers I had to lie. My life has never had so much deception I soon began believing in my own lies. I questioned her I didn’t understand why I had become her human punching bag. She was so cold and nonchalant towards me. As the days went by the dresser drawers slowly became empty the closet became empty and there seemed to be less and less of her things at my place. I wanted to know what was happening, was my life slowly slipping away again? So I picked up the phone and attempted to call her, I got no answer. Days went by without me hearing from her. Then I realized our relationship had ended in sudden death. There was no contact between us. The outside world became non-existent to me. I could not cope with the thought of another relationship ending so sudden. My life hasn’t been the same, how do you wake up one day to a world that isn’t your own? Relearning life one day at a time has been tough but I am a fighter this too will make me stronger!

Break Free Product Life Cycle

Most firms build their marketing strategies around the concept of the product life cycle–the idea that after introduction, products inevitably follow a course of growth, maturity, and decline. It doesn't have to be that way, says Harvard Business School marketing professor Youngme Moon. By positioning their products in unexpected ways, companies can change how customers mentally categorize them. In doing so, they can shift products lodged in the maturity phase back–and catapult new products forward–into the growth phase. The author describes three positioning strategies that marketers use to shift consumers' thinking. Reverse positioning strips away â€Å"sacred† product attributes while adding new ones (JetBlue, for example, withheld the expected first-class seating and in-flight meals on its planes while offering surprising perks like leather seats and extra legroom). Breakaway positioning associates the product with a radically different category (Swatch chose not to associate itself with fine jewelry and instead entered the fashion accessory category). And stealth positioning acclimates leery consumers to a new offering by cloaking the product's true nature (Sony positioned its less-than-perfect household robot as a quirky pet). Clayton Christensen described how new, simple technologies can upend a market. In an analogous way, these positioning strategies can exploit the vulnerability of established categories to new positioning. A company can use these techniques to go on the offensive and transform a category by demolishing its traditional boundaries. Companies that disrupt a category through positioning create a lucrative place to ply their wares–and can leave category incumbents scrambling.

Explore the techniques used by pre-twentieth century Essay

Explore the techniques used by pre-twentieth century authors to build fear and tension for the reader in three or four short stories. You must refer to the historical context. â€Å"The Black Cat,† by Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Blind Man,† by Kate Chopin† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† by Edgar Allan Poe. Usually, a black cat is an animal associated with witchcraft and black magic. And in Edgar Allan Poe’s nineteenth century short story, this is no different. They are viewed as mythical, demonic objects; objects of evil. The author’s cat is called Pluto. This name itself suggests that maybe it is a secretive animal, hidden and unknown, like the ninth planet it’s named after; nobody knows much about it. We soon learn that the cat is â€Å"entirely black, sagacious to an astonishing degree.† Much like the writer, this cat is portrayed as being wise and astute. Yet within what appears to be no time at all, the writer is fiercely describing the feline as being a â€Å"monster,† summoning hellish images into the mind of the reader. â€Å"The fury of a demon instantly possessed me† is a quotation which shows the writer’s abstract impulsiveness towards the cat. The writer abruptly grabs the â€Å"poor beat by the throat.† This kind of behavior is not associated with pets. It seems like the writer and subconsciously personified the beast, as he grabs it by the throat, instead of kicking it away like someone would expect. Once strangling the cat, Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"deliberately cut out one of its eyes.† This is extremely irrational behavior and happens so quickly. This conjures a lot of fear in the reader, and this man has suddenly taken part in a brutal, cold-blooded slaughter. The language used is very provocative and emotive throughout the story, and this is couple by a detached tone. The immediate shift from being ‘normal’ to suddenly growing mad and irrational is complex and acute. At the beginning of the next paragraph, he describes himself to be having a â€Å"feeble and equivocal feeling,† showing that he perhaps doesn’t realise what he has just done. This arouses suspicion in the reader, as we do not know what to think. Edgar Allan Poe continually tries to befriend the reader, yet he is horrific. We start to feel sympathetic towards him, and pathos is created. The man continued to present the reader with explanations and excuses for his â€Å"evil deed.† The feeling of witchcraft is echoed when he â€Å"was aroused from sleep by the cry of fire.† His house is alight, and after the blaze, people gather around. In the only wall that is left standing, an apparition of a gigantic cat. He then remembers, â€Å"that the cat had been hung in a garden adjacent to the house.† This brings the reader to try and piece together the pieces of this puzzle, but we cannot, for it is too complex. This scene creates a lot of tension in the reader. Once again, we see that this cat, from beyond the grave has managed to produce itself. It summons terror in the reader and insecurity fills Poe. One night, as the write stood, â€Å"absolutely stupefied,† he sees a black object, and it turns out to be a large black cat, almost identical to the former animal, with the exception of a large white patch. Within time, the writer starts to feel hatred towards the cat, the only thing preventing him form physically hurting it being â€Å"the remembrance of my former deed of cruelty.† Again, impulsively, the man commits a terrible act of gruesome, murderous hatred. He kills his wife, horrifically. After this, the cat seems to have vanished. Even though the man manages to conceal the body in the wall, he is overcome with fear, just as the reader, and beings to make excuses and become petrified himself. This is shown as madness, and this makes the story intense and full of tension. Allan Poe describes the police party as being â€Å"an assassination.† This instantly shows us that something bad is going to happen, as an assassination is a planned killing. The arrogance of the killer annoys the reader, yet we still feel a subconscious sympathy towards him, for he is lost within himself; â€Å"I know myself no longer.† The writer builds up a lot of tension at the end. The whole plot has been leading up to an intense crescendo, and when the writer is at the height of confidence, a â€Å"continuous scream, utterly anomalous† was heard, â€Å"only out of hell.† The re-appearance of the animal definitely doesn’t seem lie ka coincidence. We have no ide a where it is, and then, suddenly, it foils the old, murderous villain. In the nineteenth century, people believed in witchcraft. They believed in ghosts and all superstitious theories. The writer uses this to extract terror from the reader. â€Å"My original soul seemed at once, to take it’s flight from my body; and a more than fiendish malevolence, gin-nurtured, thrilled every fibre of my frame.† This quotation exploits the reader and emphasizes the views of society. The writer’s wife believed in the â€Å"ancient popular notion which regarded all black cats as witches in disguise.† It is a story of a butchering; a cold-blooded, violent execution. Throughout, the reader is tense and fearful. Tension is built up with evocative language and sudden switches of mood and tempo. In â€Å"The Blind Man,† by Kate Chopin is a confusing story. It is extremely mysterious, with perception playing a big part in what is real, and what the reader imagines. The principal character of â€Å"The Blind Man,† is represented as being wise. The fact that he â€Å"walked slowly down the street,† and he wore â€Å"an old straw hat and faded garments† does not produce an image of poorness; yet summons an illustration or superiority. In the first sentence of the story, the reader is told that he was â€Å"carrying a small red box in one hand.† This is, at first, very mysterious and we are intrigued to learn of it’s contents. The reader is also told that he is walking on â€Å"the blistering asphalt pavement,† even though there is plenty of shade on the other side of the road â€Å"where the trees where thick.† As we do not yet know that the man is blind, the reader feels insecure and suspicious about the man’s posit ion. When we find out the man is blind, the reader feels a sense of understanding, and empathizes with the old man, even though â€Å"he was not old.† The writer personifies the man’s feelings. â€Å"Hunger, with sharp fangs was gnawing at his stomach.† This seems unusual and eerie; the setting does not produce an image of fear, yet this powerful phrase ‘wakes up’ the reader and creates a tension and slight hope that something will happen. When the group of boys try and take his box away from him, he acts like anyone would. He shouts at them, and tries to get it back. The reader thinks, that when a policeman came round the corner, he would get his box back and the boys would get in trouble. However, upon â€Å"seeing that he was the centre of a disturbance, jerked him violently† and took him aside. This scared the reader as it is totally unexpected, and is preparing us for another unexpected event, yet to come. â€Å"Then, something happened.† Before we even learn the details, suspense has already been built, as the reader is told than something has happened. It doesn’t matter at this stage what it is – all that matters is that we are on the edge of our seat, waiting. Emotions run wild as we learn that whatever has happened made â€Å"the strongest men who saw it grow sick and dizzy.† This is a phrase which emphasized the brutality of the collision. Even the â€Å"superhuman effort† that the man used to try and stop his car failed. By now, the reader is unhappily excited, the action that has taken place gives an adrenaline rush and provides the reader with tense desire to find out more. As the truth is revealed, there is a complete anticlimax. It is not as we expected; it is not the blind man in the road. Even though this is a big surprise, there is no real shock. â€Å"The blind man did not know what the commotion was all about. He had crossed the street.† This final sentence of the story is unexplained and devious. It seems supernatural, as if he is acting suspicious. Edgar Allan Poe’s, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is an evocative and extremely intensifying story, filled with twists and shock. In the first sentence, suspense is built up and the writer is snappy and precise with his words. â€Å"The disease had sharpened my senses, not destroyed,† is powerful yet confusing, as usually, a disease would not improve senses or physical attributes. As this is an inexplicable statement, the reader becomes wary and suspicious of this character almost immediately, thus setting the scene for a horror story. â€Å"Passion there was none. I loved the old man.† The fact that ‘loved’ is past tense, immediately shows that something either isn’t right, or has changed. The writer proceeds to say, â€Å"Madmen know nothing. You should have seen me,† really emphasizing how scary he is. And the reader is nervous – they are completely unaware and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. But even this madman has fears. And this makes is scarier for the reader, and we soon find out that a pale blue eye that â€Å"resembled that of a vulture,† made the writers â€Å"blood run cold.† This language creates a lot of anxiety and trepidation, for there is another character, powerful enough to trigger terror amongst the writer and the reader. Other phrases used, such as â€Å"I heard many things in hell† are demonic and hellish, showing that this story is likely to be dangerously horrid. The image that we have of this man being mad and out of control is shattered on the second page of the book, when he describes how it took him â€Å"an hour to place my whole head within the opening† of the door. This continues – it takes him an hour to put the lantern in until, eventually; he is standing in the doorway. This really does build tension, very slowly, because all of a sudden, the â€Å"old man sprung up in bed, crying out – â€Å"Who’s there?† This is slightly baffling, as the writer didn’t make any sounds – he â€Å"could feel the extent of my powers – of my sagacity.† Again, Edgar Allan Poe stands and waits for an hour. The old man groans, and it is a groan â€Å"of mortal terror.† The word ‘mortal’ prompts the reader to think about death and dying, also triggering the imagination – we want and need something to happen. The author then uses metaphors to add tension to the piece. â€Å"A single dim ray, like the thread of a spider† show the amount of precision; the perfection. Again, the writer refers to the eyes as being a â€Å"vulture.† Before the writer commits the sin he hears a sound. It is like a â€Å"watch makes when enveloped in cotton.† This makes us think about what this simile means. Poe stands by the mans door again, but this time for a number of minutes. The time has shortened, showing impatience and eagerness. The reader shivers with anticipation until eventually he â€Å"threw open the lantern and leaped into the room.† There is a total loss of the wit; the planning. However, it is a criminal calculation; perfectly planned. When the man is dead, the killer †dismembered the corpse.† This is a particularly provocative verb and sparks a gruesome image to enter the reader’s head. The writer believes himself to be perfect, and his audacity is arrogant. More suspense is built when the police enter. This is a great technique as the reader then feels that there is still more action to come. Again, the write is confident; â€Å"my manner convinced them. I was singularly at ease.† His head starts aching as he â€Å"fancies a ringing in my ears.† This produces confusion, and this confusing rapidly turns into excitement. â€Å"The ringing became more distinct†¦no doubt I grew very pale.† Edgar Allan Poe is hearing a noise; a familiar noise; â€Å"a sound as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton.† a sound as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton.† This repetition is extreme and the reader is overcome with anxiety. In one sense, we actually want the assassin to get away with his dastardly crime, as it will be more exciting. The fretfulness and unease continues to grow and the noise persists in booming in the ears of the poor fellow, until he lets out a roar of confession, shouting, â€Å"Villains! ‘dissemble no more! I admit the deed!† This quickfire of shouted remarks is out of desperation and guilt. The final line of the story is, â€Å"it is the beating of his hideous heart! This refers to the old, dead man. But this is also extremely ironic, and the sound that was ringing in Poe’s ears was out of guilt, and subconsciously it was his own heart. It is human nature to have fears. Lots of people have claustrophobia, and many more would hate to be buried alive. In † The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Black Cat,† there are incarcerations and live burials. This is extremely disturbing and people in the nineteenth century would be extremely disturbed to see or hear of such events. The shock horror at the end of all three stories is graphic: the imagery produced is sensitive and detailed. Edgar Allan Poe and Kate Chopin use many different techniques and methods to build up tension and suspense. Use of effective, redolent language, and the reader’s imagination combine to force painful settings and events into the story. Nineteenth century society was brutal – there were gruesome executions and murders, and suspicious activity and witchcraft were looked down upon and punished. Conflict between logic and instinct in characters puts strain and pressure on the reader. Confusion and unexpected twists in the complex plots produce fear and total anxiety in the reader.

Metropolitan museum of arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metropolitan museum of arts - Essay Example sed as a central place, where these materials can be easily accessed by the general public for purposes of research and information up date (Backhaus, 11). This discussion will focus on an analysis of a piece of art work stored in the Metropolitan Museum, in New York the United States of America. The Metropolitan Museum is located in New York City in the United States of America. It is considered among the largest museums in the world, with a collection of over two million various pieces of art work from different parts of the world. The main building of the museum located along Manhattan is considered one of the world’s largest sources of art galleries. It is separated into seventeen departments, which each department exhibiting a specific piece of art work. The exterior part of the museum was constructed using stones, which are painted using a white water-based paint. In the interior one is welcomed by white clean shelves of various sizes and shapes, exhibiting various forms of art works. From a personal perspective, the museum has a feature similar to the buildings that were constructed in the early and the late 1800’s such as the White House, which was constructed using large stones and beatified using a whitish water-based paint. This form is building design could have been chosen as a result of the fact that such designs dominated the early and late 1800’s: Such designs were preferred by French architectures, who were considered the best architectures in the world during that period. The museum features cultures from various parts of the world for instance; ancient Egyptian art works African art, Asian, European, American art work as well as a collection of modern art works that have been considered eclectic. Pieces of art work are organized in accordance to their cultures and timeline, in a manner that makes it easy for viewers to identify and understand their significance. The arrangement of the art works within the Museum as well as its

MP3s, and the Music of Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MP3s, and the Music of Today - Essay Example Covach’s selections are actually representative of the songs in the 2000s in terms of the diversity in musical forms, genres, and styles of the artists. The artists that were noted were distinct and unique in terms of displaying varied personal images and exudes different musical styles (for instance the songs sung by Carrie Underwood were significantly different from those sung by OutKast). Each artists (whether as solo singers or in bands) and songs have their separate patronizers and target audience who get to appreciate the style and expressions rendered by their favorite singers. These other sets of singers: Radiohead, Gogol Bordello and OutKast compose and sing songs that are also evident of songs in the 2000s in terms of being innovative in their musical prowess of integrating different styles, forms, use of innovative and creative instruments, and the manner by which they interpret their songs to cater to their respective audiences. One does not, however, know these singers in particular where it not relayed through the course. Some trends that could have been overlooked in these surveys of 2000s rock music could be the profiles of audiences: like which particular target audience, in specific demographic factors, cater to each of the identified artists. These profiles, especially age ranges, cultural orientations, gender, and ethnic background, could provide illuminating details in the past, current and future trends that are manifested by the 2000s rock music and could thereby provide some indications on how these trends could persist in the near future. One believes that there are more foreign artists (such as Korean music) that became increasingly popular in the 2000s music. This kind of musical genre and format could be included and would be interesting to evaluate. One prominent artist that contributed to that trend is Psy and K-pop music which were made famous from Korean dramas such as Boys Over Flower and Hot