The Law of Comparative Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Law of Comparative Advantage - Essay Example Because the theory failed to understand the laws of absolute and comparative advantage, which advocates that trade, may not necessarily be a zero-sum game, mercantilists regulations were gradually removed in Britain in the course of eighteenth century after the government has fully embraced Adam Smith's concept of laissez faire (Wikimedia Foundations, Inc). The greatest challenge to mercantilism was Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage. It is said that Smith's publication of the book The Wealth of Nation in 1776 has ended the rule of mercantilism as an economic philosophy. In contrast to the necessity of government control in the mercantilists' philosophy, Adam Smith advocated the laissez faire system, with limited government intervention in the economy. Particularly, Smith believe that trade would be beneficial to both countries through specialization. In practical terms, when one country is more efficient than another country in the production of one commodity but is less efficient in the production of another, then both can gain by specializing in the commodity in which it has the absolute advantage. ... As trade is deemed beneficial to all, restrictions are discouraged and limited government intervention is advised. An Unchallenged Theory An enhancement and definitely a higher notch than the theory of absolute advantage is the law that says that one country can benefit from trade even if it is less efficient in the production of both commodities. It is the law of comparative advantage: an impetus for small nations to actively participate in trade as it is believed to benefit both the big and the small countries. Introduced by David Ricardo in 1817 through his book On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, comparative advantage posits that trade can create value for both countries even if one has the fewer resources in the production of all goods. Using the production possibilities frontier, Ricardo was able to prove this, achieving a significant breakthrough in the field of international economics. Practically, Ricardo believes that given the situation, both countries can still gain by having the less efficient country specialize in the production and exportation of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is smallest and import the product in which it has its greatest absolute disadvantage. The commodity in which one country has the least absolute disadvantage can be thought of as one in which it has the comparative advantage. The gains are realized as both countries specialize in the production of commodity in which it has the least opportunity cost (Mankiw). The Gains from Trade: A Simple Numerical Example To facilitate understanding of the gains from trade, we cite the example from the Principles of Macroeconomics book of N. Gregory Mankiw. Given that it takes 20 hours for farmer to produce 1 lb of meat and 10 hours to produce 1

Hot Zone Book vs. Movie Essay Example for Free

Hot Zone Book vs. Movie Essay †¢In the book, we have Nancy and Jerry, and they are very important characters who deal with Ebola. Also they are married. In the movie, Sam and his ex-wife shares similar rolls like Nancy and Jerry. They try to stop the outbreak of Ebola virus in the monkey house. In the movie Sam and his ex-wife is divorced and still have problems between them. †¢movie changed Ebola to an Ebola-like virus called Motaba, the conditions of both diseases proved to be similar †¢The army took strong precautions in both cases, wearing Level 4 body-suits in the presence of the virus †¢They tried to contain a town and bomb it, and that made it so surreal that it eventually became difficult to take anything the movie says seriously. This made the movie fictional, and took away from the threat and danger of this deadly disease. †¢Robbie and Sam in the movie. It made it somewhat of a romantic love story †¢Daniels- equivalent to Jaaxs †¢movie didn’t focus on the monkey house at all †¢The pet store kind of took the place of the monkey house in that the host infected others at the pet store. †¢both have a laboratory monkey escaping from its cage †¢In the movie, the host monkey that was smuggled gets loose and threatens the lives of human race. In the book, one of the sick monkey in Reston escapes from its cage and Jerry spends days trying to catch it †¢similar is the potential rip in the space suits †¢Both Sammy Daniels and Jerry Jaax share a strong concern over his wife or ex-wife working with in the hot zone with the virus †¢Finally, the doctors in the book tried to help the villagers the best that they could, and eventually ended up leaving the village and the people behind. In the movie, the village, that had many people infected with the virus, was obliterated by a bomb †¢In movie, they catch the monkey responsible for everything

development psychology Essay -- essays research papers

Development psychology is concerned with the different stages that an individual must go through throughout their lifetime. During these life stages, individuals are forced to face issues, make decisions, and psychosocially develop. Thomas and Laura are two individuals in different life stages that are facing important issues. There are forced to use their fluid intelligence, go through transitions, and cope with gender schema. As these individuals progression through these various stages they are grow mature and gaining real life experience that will help them through out their life. Thomas is a 23-year-old Puerto Rican male. His parents were both born in their native country of Puerto Rican. Thomas, however, was the first in his family to be born and brought up in the states. Thomas is the oldest in his family with two younger sisters. He graduated from High School, and instead of going to college he started working for Metro-North train station. He has been working for Metro-North for approximately three years, and has recently been promoted to a cable-splicer. With this promotion he makes roughly $40,000 a year and lives comfortable in his own apartment. Thomas in not married, but he has been in a serious relationship with the same female for four years. Thomas’ major current issues in life revolve around his work and relationship. Even with his promotion, Thomas feels that he is not making enough money and thinks about going back to school and becoming a physician assist. Many people have made comments about Thomas’ consideration of becoming a n urse. They sometimes joke about it and saying that nursing is strictly a female’s job. However, Thomas is not bothered about what other people are thinking or saying. He is concerned about if he will be able to work and go to school consecutively. Working and going to school part time might be too much for him to manage, so for now he has put off all considerations of going back to school. Another major issue in Thomas’s life comes from his relationship. After being with his partner for four years he is being pressured to move into the next level of their relationship. His partner feels that they should prepare themselves for marriage and having children in the near future. Thomas, on the other hand, does not feel he is ready for neither marriage nor children. Even though he loves his partner, he has told her t... ...bsp;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were also major differences between Thomas and Laura’s decision-making. They were both faced with gender crisis that were limiting their choices due to their sex. Unlike Laura, Thomas did not let these gender restrictions effect his decision. He was told that being a nurse was a feminine occupational, but this was not the reason that he did not pursue this career. On the other hand, Laura was mocked for consider playing a sport in college by her sisters. This mockery effected Laura and made her decide not to play basketball in college or take it up as a profession.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychosocial development progresses with time and experience. Before people can consider themselves as mature and mental developed they must live through different stages of life. These stages force them to cope with issues and difficult circumstances. However, every time an individual is able to successful cope with stages and make the appropriate decision they gain the necessary experience. This knowledge is the ultimate power in helping us gain wisdom and guide us as we move forward in time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Comical and Satirized Characters in Pride and Prejudice and Sense and S

Jane Austen's use of satire in her novels, Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, break from the boundaries of sentimental writing. This left Austen open to a lifetime of criticism, only to be hailed after her time as one of the greatest writers of the English language. Much of Austen?s social commentary on Regency England was done through flat comical characters such as Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine, Mrs. Jennings, and others. All of which are amusingly oblivious to anything deeper than the rules and aspirations set by society. The dialogue of their interactions and the irony of their situations add humor as well as reinforce the idiocy presented by the very first line of Pride and Prejudice, "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife" (Austen 3). Mrs. Bennet?s actions as a mother are not unjustified. Because the Bennet estate was entailed, the marriage of her daughters was necessary for their secured wellbeing. In Chapter 20 Elizabeth refuses Mr. Collins marriage proposal. Her mother, who views the match as advantageous, is outraged and expresses her grief to Mr. Bennet, ?Nobody can tell what I suffer! - But it is always so. Those who do not complain are never pitied? (Austen 130). Austen?s criticism is clarified by Mrs. Bennet?s obsession with marriage, ?The business of her life was to get her daughters married? (Austen 6). ?Happy for all her maternal feelings was the day on which Mrs. Bennet got rid of her two most deserving daughters? (Austen 432). Mrs. Bennet?s ideas of marriage fully overlook love of the person. They settle in her foundations that happiness with another person is provided by an improvement in wealth or social st... ...zzle, the characters Jane Austen satirizes would fall short in fitting everything together. Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine, Mrs. Jennings, and all the other comedic characters in the novels appear only to see the shape of people. They focus on wealth, status, and connections. Even when the outline of the pieces fit, they fail to any make sense when put together. The reason being the characters Austen pokes fun at are so focus on the externals. They are ignorant to the individual image inside each piece. Austen uses flat satirical characters to add interest and humor to her works, but also to comment on the faults in peoples? attitudes toward society, marriage, possessions, and position. Works Cited Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Norwalk: The Easton Press, 2007. Austen, Jane. Sense and Sensibility. New York: Barnes and Noble Inc., 2006.

History Special Needs Essay

The history of education for children with special educational needs in Ireland has been one of neglect and exclusion. However the past three decades have seen a shift in attitude and policy. A shift which, Professor Desmond Swan has described as a progression in three phases: the era of neglect and denial; the era of the special school; and the era of integration or inclusion . The right to education is recognised in Ireland under Article 42 of the Constitution. However, in 1993 The Special Education Review Committee (SERC) reported: â€Å"Ireland has a conspicuous lack of legislation governing much of education but particularly covering educational provision for students with special needs † During the 1990’s litigation in the sphere of education emerged as an important agent for change in special education. Since the landmark O’Donoghue judgement of1993, parents have sought the protection of the courts to give practical effect to a constitutional right to an education for their children with special educational needs and forced Government to give legislative effect to this right. Over the past ten years there have been a number of key legislative developments in education for people with special educational needs. A stated objective of the 1998 Education Act is â€Å"to give practical effect to the constitutional rights of children, including children who have a disability†. The Equal Status Act 2000 refers to education in relation to the policies of establishment regarding admissions, access to courses, access to any facility or benefit provided or any other condition of participation in the establishment. In suspected cases of discrimination recourse can be sought through the Office of Equality Investigations. The Education (Welfare) Act 2000 is to ensure school attendance. It provided for the establishment of a National Education Welfare Board. The objective of the Board is to ensure that all children attend a recognised school or otherwise receive a certain minimum education. It is Government policy to encourage the integration of pupils with disabilities into the mainstream education system. In a speech in the Dà ¡il in October 2003, Noel Dempsey, Minister for Education and Science signalled that the â€Å"education of children with special educational needs alongside those who do not have such needs has long been Government policy† . The Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act 2004 refers to inclusion rather than integration, and notes that â€Å"A child with special educational needs shall be educated in an inclusive environment with children who do not have such needs†¦ † The Act is specifically concerned with children who have special educational needs. It aims to enhance the rights of children with disabilities to avail of, and benefit from, an appropriate education. The Act sets up the National Council for Special Education and outlines the responsibilities of Special Education Needs Organisers. The Act also provides for a range of services which must be provided within a certain timeframe and in constant consultation with the parents / guardians of the student, including assessments, individual education plans and support services as well as providing for a process of mediation and appeals where needs are not met. Such developments might seem to suggest that the concept of inclusion has become embedded in legislation and in Irish Schools but there is still considerable confusion as to what constitutes government policy in relation to children with special needs. Education continues to be provided on a continuum that ranges from separate special schools for children with severe, moderate or mild intellectual disability to special classes within mainstream schools to inclusion within mainstream classes with appropriate support. The National Council for Special Education itself is charged with ensuring that â€Å"a continuum of special education provision is available as required in relation to each type of disability† Section 20(g)5. The debate on inclusion for children with disability has just begun in this country and there is still a very long way to go. The rapid pace of development and change in special education has been problematic. Students with special educational needs may not necessarily have their needs met by appropriately qualified staff. Resource teaching time may not be sufficient, new curricula need to be developed and the physical environment of the school may present a barrier to access.

The Fall of the Roman Empire by Arther Ferrill essays

The Fall of the Roman Empire by Arther Ferrill essays The Fall of the Roman Empire by Arther Ferrill (1986) provides well written and interesting reading for the non-historian. While Ferrill breaks down many areas of the Roman Empire and it's decline, there are other areas where the author's description of some important details remains sketchy and leaves the reader wanting more information. Ferrill breezes over some very important explanations concerning why the Eastern Empire survived despite the Eastern army suffering the two major defeats of Adrianople and Julian's failed Persian campaign. Ferrill also does not support the argument that the Fall of Rome was the result of a successful conquest of barbarism and religion. He instead maintains that uncomplicated military failures contributed to Rome's decline. The case he presents supports that these were created by political blunders and that enough of the blunders created the misfortune that resulted in the decline of the Roman public spirit. Ferrill's descriptions of the Roman way of life lead the reader to view the people as very cultured, sophisticated and comfortable. Their cleanliness for the time was exceptional and their water system was unique to that historical time. This style of life may have contributed to their idealistic views that all people wanted to work toward a more civilized and productive lifestyle. However, this was simply not true. Descriptions in Ferrill's book somewhat discredit the new breed of a classicist who encourages a Marxist version of Roman history which view that barbarians are just oppressed minorities engaging in justifiable wars of "national liberation." He also argues that men and battles do not much matter and that all history is some sort of inevitable process governed by the class struggle. Ferrill correctly points out that men and battles matter very important within this course of history. The barbarians were strictly barbaric and not worthy of much explanation or compassion for their h...

Motor Insurance Essays

Motor Insurance Essays Motor Insurance Essay Motor Insurance Essay Vehicle insurance Vehicle insurance ( besides known as car insurance. GAP insurance. auto insurance. or motor insurance ) is insurance purchased for autos. trucks. bikes. and other route vehicles. Its primary usage is to supply fiscal protection against physical harm and/or bodily injury ensuing from traffic hits and against liability that could besides originate therefrom. The specific footings of vehicle insurance vary with legal ordinances in each part. To a lesser grade vehicle insurance may to boot offer fiscal protection against larceny of the vehicle and perchance damage to the vehicle. sustained from things other than traffic hits. Vehicle insurance. in exchange for a premium. will pay valid claims originating out of traffic hits such as the above. India A Sample Vehicle Insurance Certificate in India Car Insurance in India trades with the insurance covers for the loss or harm caused to the car or its parts due to natural and semisynthetic catastrophes. It provides accident screen for single proprietors of the vehicle while driving and besides for riders and 3rd party legal liability. There are certain general insurance companies who besides offer on-line insurance service for the vehicle. Auto Insurance in India is a mandatory demand for all new vehicles used whether for commercial or personal usage. The insurance companies have affiliations with taking car makers. They offer their clients instant car quotation marks. Auto premium is determined by a figure of factors and the sum of premium additions with the rise in the monetary value of the vehicle. The claims of the Auto Insurance in India can be inadvertent. larceny claims or 3rd party claims. Certain paperss are required for claiming Auto Insurance in India. like duly signed claim signifier. RC transcript of the vehicle. Driving license transcript. FIR transcript. Original estimation and policy transcript. There are different types of Auto Insurance in India: Private Car Insurance – In the Auto Insurance in India. Private Car Insurance is the fastest turning sector as it is mandatory for all the new autos. The sum of premium depends on the brand and value of the auto. province where the auto is registered and the twelvemonth of industry. Two Wheeler Insurance – The Two Wheeler Insurance under the Auto Insurance in India screens inadvertent insurance for the drivers of the vehicle. The sum of premium depends on the current salesroom monetary value multiplied by the depreciation rate fixed by the Tariff Advisory Committee at the clip of the beginning of policy period. Commercial Vehicle Insurance – Commercial Vehicle Insurance under the Auto Insurance in India provides screen for all the vehicles which are non used for personal intents. like the Trucks and HMVs. The sum of premium depends on the salesroom monetary value of the vehicle at the beginning of the insurance period. brand of the vehicle and the topographic point of enrollment of the vehicle. The car insurance by and large includes: Loss or harm by accident. fire. lightning. self ignition. external detonation. burglary. break-in or larceny. malicious act. Liability for 3rd party injury/death. 3rd party belongings and liability to paid driver On payment of appropriate extra premium. loss/damage to electrical/electronic accoutrements The car insurance does non include: Consequential loss. depreciation. mechanical and electrical dislocation. failure or breakage When vehicle is used outside the geographical country War or atomic hazards and drunken drive

Syphilis essays

Syphilis essays Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are communicable diseases that are spread from person to person. Of the 22-25 recognized STDs, syphilis is the most dangerous. Syphilis has many symptoms that can be prevented and treated even after they go away. Symptoms appear 10 to 90 days after having sexual intercourse with an infected person. The symptoms are categorized into four stages, the primary stage, the secondary stage, the latent stage, and the neurosyphilis stage. The primary stage is characterized by small red painless sore called a chancre. The chance will disappear within one to five weeks, but the disease will continue to develop in the body. Next, the secondary stage is after the bacteria has been in the body it starts to produces symptoms like joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, nausea, headaches, and fever. The most highly common symptom is a contagious rash. The rash may appear anywhere on the body. The rash usually develops into sores that ooze with clear fluid. Then, the latent stage will begin after two or more years. During this stage the infected person may think they are cured, but they still have syphilis. The last stage is the Neurosyphilis stage which is when the bacterium begins to attack the heart, b lood vessels, bones, liver, and central nervous system. This causes damage to the tissue of the organs and possibly blindness or insanity. Preventing syphilis is very important because it can be life threatening. The most dependable way is to abstain from sexual intercourse. Other ways are selecting a partner who is not infected with a STD, having one sex-partner, and to use condoms correctly, but these methods can still cause a STD. Syphilis needs to be treated as soon as possible otherwise the outcomes can be life threatening. To test for syphilis, a Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), a blood test, should be tested to confirm the infection. These tests test for the pres ...

The Electronic Frontier Foundation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Electronic Frontier Foundation - Essay Example The Electronic Frontier Foundation The organization is a non-profit organization that relies upon donations for their existence. One of the major areas that EFF attends to is privacy rights. In 2008, the EFF challenged the NSA policy of wiretapping, suing the NSA to end the surveillance of Americans and hold the government officials accountable who pursue these measures. The two cases that they brought were Jewel v. NSA and Hepting v. AT&T. These cases involved a lawsuit against the NSA for directly conducting surveillance on ordinary Americans. Hepting v. AT&T involved a lawsuit against the telecommunications giant because it was helping the government in surveillance measures. These cases were dismissed due to governmental immunity, and is currently on appeal in the 9th Circuit (eff.org). The EFF has also argued in a Senate Judiciary Committee that warrantless searches of individuals’ laptops and other electronic devices are not considered to be a routine search, despite the fact that the Supreme Court found that border guards can conduct a routine search of people who are crossing the border. These are searches that can be conducted without a warrant or either a reasonable suspicion of any criminal wrongdoing. They also testified in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee that taking data from an individual’s laptop or other electronic device should be considered to be a seizure under the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition of searches and seizures (eff.org). Additionally, the EFF has urged the senate to put more oversight on border guards. EFF has also argued, successfully, in a Pennsylvania court that the information stored by cell phone providers as to the location of an individual is protected by the Fourth Amendment, therefore the government has to have a warrant based upon probable cause in order to obtain theses records. The government appealed this decision to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, and this is currently being considered by this Court (eff.org). The EFF al so has worked to protect e-mail privacy, stating that the Department of Justice’s policy of requiring an e-mail provider to save prospective e-mails with only a subpoena and a court order not based upon probable cause is illegal, as the government needs to, under the Fourth Amendment, obtain a search warrant based upon probable cause, and this warrant needs to describe exactly what it is that the government is trying to obtain. In this case, the EFF filed an amicus brief in the case, as the case was brought by Steven Warshak (eff.org). The EFF also has helped consumers by helping them get proactive. The way that they do this is by publishing an on-line guide for consumers that helps them understand what is acceptable and what is not when it comes to on-line and electronic issues. This is called Surveillance Self-Defense (SSD). In particular, this organization helps educate consumers about government spying on computers, as well as data that is obtained through electronic mean s such as cell phones, and communications stored by third parties (eff.org). Moreover, the EFF also has launched a program to aid people in foreign lands about their rights regarding privacy concerns (eff.org). Free speech is another broad issue that the EFF. They have resisted the misuse of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The DMCA gives providers immunity when they take down content, while not providing for a way to resist this. The EFF notes that there is a

Should Child Labor Be Permitted or Not in Third World Countries Essay

Should Child Labor Be Permitted or Not in Third World Countries - Essay Example Proponents of child labor have argued their case through the prism of economics. This group support child labor on the following grounds. First, some of them argue that child labor helps a family to earn extra income, as many jobs are low paying. This presents a complex situation in which governments find it difficult to enforce policies on education. Others have also argued that child labor in developing countries prepares the children to be responsible. They claim that since there are limited formal employment opportunities, it is good for the child to learn a means of survival. In some instances, such proponents of child labor also argue that traditionally, African families were polygamous and large. Parent and children tilled land together, planted together and reaped. Boys were supposed to herd animals as girls did domestic chores. In Asian countries, child labor may be seen in the form of working in rice plantations and other informal settings. Another emerging argument in mode rn times with respect to education is that the cost of living has risen, and some parents cannot afford education for their children. Rather than be idle, they argue that taking them to work offers the best solution for their unique challenges. Where the government has subsidized tuition fee in education, proponents of child labor argue that they still have to meet other expenses. They point out that it is still equally difficult to raise the boarding fee, money for uniform, shoes and other supplementary requirements and still put food on the table. Even so, the so-called benefits of child labor are just justifications. Child labor indeed has a bigger negative side. First, scholars have observed that child labor denies the child the right to grow up as any other child should (Das and Biswal, 2012). These scholars observe that child labor socializes the child with the adult population, as opposed to growing up with peers. This is harm to the child’s social development. Some scholars have also pointed out that child labor leads to exploitation of the child. They argue that employers underpay and exploit at their various places of work. In the end, many of them do not see the full benefit of their toil. In Asia, there have also been reports of children being exploited in sex tourism (Aziz and Iskandar, 2013). I would oppose child labor in all its form.

Managing change at Cox's Container Company Case Study

Managing change at Cox's Container Company - Case Study Example The researcher states the general manager of the company (Erica Wilson) does not include her workmates in the survey. She found that the company lacks actual cost and operational controls. She recommends the company to employ financial and managerial specialists. In addition, when the new employees are employed to work on budgetary control, others do not support them. Abdul Aziz is one of the opposing workers of the organization. The above problems that are facing this group need to be analyzed. The analysis can be carried out in two ways. The first approach involves analyzing all the employees affecting the performance of the company. These employees include the senior managers, middle managers, and business expert such as accountant. Failure of an organization can be linked to the failure of the employees. In this company, the employees are unconcerned with each other. They do not cooperate, communicate, or consult each other. Harold Cox is the senior most executive in the Cox†™s Container Company. He is politically and financially involved with people’s affairs. His leading job is to develop strategic and long-term decisions of the company. This involves planning the long-term profitability of the company through increasing sales. In addition, he is responsible for delegating some powers to his juniors. For instance, he has assigned Erica Wilson to evaluate the actions of the company. Erica Wilson is the general manager of the company. She is responsible for making operational decisions of the company.

HRD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRD - Essay Example One aspect that has to be considered is the utilization focused evaluation (UFE) approach that seeks to maximize ownership, understanding, and use of findings by the intended user (Stetson, 2). All stakeholders have to be involved in all stages of an evaluation, raging from sensitizing an outsider evaluator about the program context, improving accuracy of reported findings, and finally identifying any feasible recommendation that has to be implemented (Stetson, 3). Below is a case study of an evaluation process in Global Net Inc., a giant IT Organization. After visiting the human resources department for the intended interview, a representative from the department was obligated to answer to our questions and take us through the detailed intervention program. According to the representative, a program that had been reviewed in the last one year was the graduate recruitment program. The graduate recruitment program according to the representative was critical to the company; it is a strategic program through which the company outsourced quality graduates from leading universities to join the organization family. The graduate recruitment program according to the representative was strategically designed such that it included representatives from all departments who responsible for taking the graduates through a detailed and vigorous orientation program in two weeks; the program involves close observation of each graduate’s abilities, knowledge, ease to learn, and assimilate content, effective communication, and attitude, and a re port prepared on each graduate. The graduates who score the highest on both genders are thus selected to join the organization from the training school coordinated by the human resources department. According to the representative, the primary purpose of carrying out the evaluation was a demand by the organization departmental heads to evaluate the recruitment program and determine if it corresponded to the

The rise of online shopping Speech or Presentation

The rise of online shopping - Speech or Presentation Example I will elaborate on the factors contributing to effective online shopping, in other words its feasibility, its advantages and limitations and some of the strategies to be put in place to enhance the process further. Please feel comfortable and enjoy the session. The start of online shopping can be traced back to the era of internet development. The internet is a global computer network established in the 1960s in the United Kingdom, and it has developed to its current state. The initial version of the network was meant to enable communication between government agencies without necessarily traveling to certain destinations. Top politicians also used the network to reach their subjects. The internet experienced a wide spread in various regions of the globe after ARPANET, the founder of the network, was decommissioned to make the internet a public domain. Asia and its surroundings embraced the network in 1980s and this is the era it was employed in commerce. The network has improved an d currently, there are more than a million internet tools and applications and countless users in the entire globe. It has several applications in the commercial sector, for example it enables online banking (e-banking), online shopping, commercial interactions or communications, biddings and the actual purchase of products. We are a generation where one can purchase his or her favorite dress or watch in a single click. One would be required logging in to respective web sites or blogs and selecting the favorite product. He or she is required to make some payment through internet tools and currently we have the money bookers and wire transfer among other online payment methods. The product is then packed and delivered to the client’s destination. Allow me to elaborate on some of the aspects making online shopping a success. Internet is currently not only well established but also affordable in both developed and developing nations. There are more than a million companies respo nsible for the distribution and management of the network. Rapid increase of such companies has an enhanced reduction of internet costs. Online shopping has also been enhanced by the rapid increase of digital appliances like mobile phones, tablets, personal computers and smart phones among others. And I am certain each of you owns one, perhaps two or more such devices. There are at least two or more such appliances in each homestead. Technology being the talk of the current generation is incorporated in almost all the teaching curricula all over the globe. The need for online shopping has also enhanced the process. It has been proven that one can purchase whatever product despite the bulkiness and the distance provided the costs can be met. We live in an age where people have invest so much time in their career that there is no time for shopping. However, one can spare at least 30 minutes to go through their budget list and select their favorite products in the comfort of their livi ng rooms. I certainly appreciate and acknowledge the fact that I exist in this digital generation where one can buy anything just by clicking in the comfort of own home, and I hardly need to urge you all to appreciate the same. My speech would have no meaning if I did not talk of the advantages or benefits associated with online shopping. Online shopping is comfortable; imagine buying your best phone at the comfort of your living room or bedroom. One

HRD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRD - Essay Example One aspect that has to be considered is the utilization focused evaluation (UFE) approach that seeks to maximize ownership, understanding, and use of findings by the intended user (Stetson, 2). All stakeholders have to be involved in all stages of an evaluation, raging from sensitizing an outsider evaluator about the program context, improving accuracy of reported findings, and finally identifying any feasible recommendation that has to be implemented (Stetson, 3). Below is a case study of an evaluation process in Global Net Inc., a giant IT Organization. After visiting the human resources department for the intended interview, a representative from the department was obligated to answer to our questions and take us through the detailed intervention program. According to the representative, a program that had been reviewed in the last one year was the graduate recruitment program. The graduate recruitment program according to the representative was critical to the company; it is a strategic program through which the company outsourced quality graduates from leading universities to join the organization family. The graduate recruitment program according to the representative was strategically designed such that it included representatives from all departments who responsible for taking the graduates through a detailed and vigorous orientation program in two weeks; the program involves close observation of each graduate’s abilities, knowledge, ease to learn, and assimilate content, effective communication, and attitude, and a re port prepared on each graduate. The graduates who score the highest on both genders are thus selected to join the organization from the training school coordinated by the human resources department. According to the representative, the primary purpose of carrying out the evaluation was a demand by the organization departmental heads to evaluate the recruitment program and determine if it corresponded to the

Online Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Learning - Essay Example It is therefore, the responsibility of the instructors to ensure that classroom learning is as exciting and resourceful as the online learning. Various features, which result in successful classroom learning can be applied to online learning for effective educational outcomes. It is possible for online and classroom learning to result in positive educational outcomes, despite their different modes of presentation, only if instructors in both learning modes identify the learning needs of the students, and address them, while creating the best learning environment for students. According to Hirschy and Wilson (2002), online learning is not a new phenomenon today. However, this is infiltrating the educational system at a higher rate today compared to the past. Many policy makers in the education sector support online learning for a number of reasons. Most importantly, this mode of learning is quite cheap, compared to classroom learning. Since most learning institutions operate on strict budgets and look for ways of minimizing their expenditure, online learning would be more appropriate for them. Additionally, this is convenient for students, as they can learn from different regions without having to attend a class physically. Online learning started in the early 20th Century. Since then, this has been advancing slowly taking root in society (Moore, Dickson-Deane, & Galyen, 2011). Today, approximately 1.5 million schools in the US have adopted online learning. Online learning utilizes the internet, instead of a physical environment, and this can be adopted partially or wholly (Bakia, et al 2012). Instructor presence and interaction is paramount in classroom learning. If the instructor is present but does not interact with learners, it is impossible for learning to be successful (Mandernach, Gonzales & Garrett, 2006). Therefore, instructor interaction is a prerequisite for successful classroom learning. This also translates to the online learning, where both the pre sence of the instructor and instructor interaction need to be felt by the online learners for successful learning. These determine the nature of classroom setting in both online and classroom learning. The type of classroom setting is an important determinant of successful learning. In the online class however, it is more challenging to set a classroom environment (Mandernach, Gonzales & Garrett, 2006). This is because of the delivery mode involved, as it is based on technology, and not personal dynamics. Therefore, online instructors have the responsibility of ensuring that they meet this challenge, and develop a classroom setting in their online delivery. Instructors in online learning achieve this through engaging with the students more, either through online dialogs, discussions, and consultations. This inspires and motivates learners to work harder. Instructor presence and interaction has made online learning to be more successful in the recent past, compared to classroom learn ing. The US Department of Education acknowledges this in New York iSchool, where the approach has worked effectively (Bakia, et al 2012). Instructors in both online and classroom learning should engage their students in active learning. This guarantees them successful educational outcomes. In the classroom, an instructor should spare considerable time for the students to engage in discussions, group work, and various assessments. This allows for deeper learning for the

The Psychological Development of a Client Essay Example for Free

The Psychological Development of a Client Essay From societys standpoint, one of the most important indexes of morality is the extent of which a person is able to resist pressures to violate social norms. A person who is able to resist the temptation in the absence of external surveillance not only has learned a moral rule but is internally motivated to abide by that rule. How do children acquire moral standards and what motivates them to obey these learned codes of conduct? There are several theories on moral development which have attempted to answer these questions. Freuds theory of moral development is very closely linked to aspects of his psychoanalytic theory. Freuds theory was quite controversial and appeared to be mainly concerned with sex. However, looking at some of his work and theorys there are perhaps some areas we may be able to relate to or even understand. Darwin influenced Freud. He produced the first ever-psychological theory on personality, how we develop and treatment for mental health illnesses. Freuds Psychoanalytic approach is quite complex. However, its basic rationale is that all human behaviour is a result of a basic driving force- instinct and survival. The driving force has to be sexual, the need to reproduce. Freud believed that there are three parts to a persons mind. This is the conscious mind, preconscious mind and the unconscious mind. The conscious part of the mind is what is going on immediately. The preconscious part of the mind is when a particular event or reminder of a certain time that something has happened, the memory will become clear again. The unconscious part of the mind is buried. It apparently gives us our drives for sex and our drives for life and death. This can be explained in terms of the Greek Gods. The Libido (Eros) is the drive for sex and life as it represents life and love. The Greek God Thantos is the drive for death. This can be seen as fulfilling the drive through extreme sports, abusive relationships, drug or alcohol misuse and career driven people. Freud believed that the personality comprised of three parts. The Id, Ego and Superego. He believed that when we are born, we are born with the Id, which is the selfish part. I want. When the Id receives gratification, the Id receives gratification, which works entirely on the Pleasure Principle. The Ego is like the executive. It does things logically and is governed by the Reality Principle. I will get it this way if I cant get it another way. This part of the personality just defers the gratification. The Superego works on the Morality Principle. Morality can be described as a set of principles or ideals that help the individual to distinguish right from wrong, to act on this distinction, and to feel pride in virtuous conduct and guilt fro conduct that violates ones standards. The morality principle in Freuds theory is split up into two parts. The conscious, which represents the punishing parent and imposes the guilt for immoral deeds or thoughts or any wrongdoing. For example, witnessing a theft but not reporting it. The ego-ideal, which represents the rewarding parent and imposes the pride which is feelings of satisfaction for doing something good. For example, finding a wallet and handing it in to the police station. Freud proposed that our moral development comes from our Superego. This is as a result and part of our Oedipus complex. This occurs in the phallic stage of our development. This is again a controversial part of Freuds theory. Freuds explains this as a childs feelings and attraction towards the parent of the opposite sex. However, because the boys fear castration he learns his masculine role and internalizes his fathers moral standards. Internalizing is the process of adopting the attributes or standards of other peoples, taking these standards as their own. The girls fear losing their mothers love they develop a conscious and internalizes her mothers moral standards, so both identifying with the same sex parent. The identification is internalised by the same sex parents moral behaviour, so therefore the inner parent rewards or punishes good or bad actions. However, Freud claims that because girls do not experience the intense fear the boys do of castration, they will develop weaker superegos than the boys do. We might be able to credit Freud with him pointing out that moral emotions such as pride, shame and guilt are important and that the internalization of moral principles is a crucial step along the way of morality. However, a lot of Freuds work is largely unsupported. Freud had also done his work based only on one subject who he interacted with through letters via his parents. (Little Hans. ) furthermore, there is simply no evidence that boys develop stronger superegos than girls. Finally, Freuds proposed age trends for moral development are actually quite pessimistic. As early as 13 to 15 months some toddlers are already complying with some prohibitions in the absence of external surveillance. (Kochanska, Tjebkes and Foreman, 1998. ) According to Kochanska et al. , 1995, by age two toddlers are beginning to show clear signs of distress when they violate rules and sometimes try to correct the mistakes that they have made. These observations suggest that the children internalize morals a lot younger than Freud has suggested. So even though the generalization of Freuds morality theory has some credit, maybe the his theory of oedipal morality is not as black and white as he makes it out to be.

The uniform application of Community Law

The uniform application of Community Law Title: The uniform application of Community law can never be achieved because it is too easy for national courts to decide important points of Community law for themselves. Critically evaluate the above statement. Introduction Given that the European Union of 2006 consists of 25 different states, which operate under (more than)[1] 25 different legal systems and court structures based on different heritages and subject to different political and socio-economic pressures it is certainly appropriate to concede that the uniform application of Community law is a tall order. That said however, in law it is always dangerous to use the word never. Supremacy of EC Law It is first worth making the point that all forms of EC law prevail over all forms national law. Cases such as Van Gend en Loos[2] and Costa v ENEL[3] gave the European Court of Justice the opportunity to make this fundamental principle clear in the early days of the EEC in the 1960s. The sovereignty of EC law, now largely accepted by courts around the EC, underpins the Community’s pursuit of the goal of uniform application. As confirmed by cases such as Defrenne v Sabena[4] the principle of direct effect operates alongside the supremacy rule to facilitate and encourage the uniform application of EC law in the courts of the member states. Article 234 EC Article 234 of the Treaty of Rome sets down a procedure vital to the consistent application of Community law. The Article provides: â€Å"The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings concerning: (a) the interpretation of this Treaty (b) the validity and interpretation of acts of the institutions of the Community and of the ECB; (c) the interpretation of the statues of bodies established by an act of Council, where those statutes so provide. Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon. Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice.† First, it is clear from the above that national courts do not possess the jurisdiction to rule on the validity of acts of the EC institutions. As Foto-Frost v Hauptzollampt[5] confirms, all such questions must be referred to the Court of Justice and it is argued that this goes some way to ensure the harmonious application of EC law in the member states. The Article 234 mechanism ensures that ambiguous questions of EU law can be referred to the Court of Justice for an authoritative answer and its importance in the EC legal order is hard to overstate. Clearly without such a procedure the courts of the different member states could and almost certainly would resolve issues of EU law slightly and perhaps sometimes wildly differently. Article 234 allows questions to be referred from the lower courts of the member states at the discretion of those courts and importantly it imposes a mandatory duty on the supreme courts in each member state to refer questions of EU law to the European Court. In theory this procedure ensures that EU law is both interpreted and applied in a uniform manner across the Community. The duty imposed on courts of the last resort to refer questions of EU law to the Court of Justice is obviously important, because there is no further domestic appeal from such courts. The duty was confirmed inter alia, in the case Gaston Schul[6]. The CILFIT ruling[7] stipulated that the duty to refer under what is now Article 234[8] did not apply where: (a) the question of EU law is not relevant to the domestic proceedings; (b) the provision has already been interpreted by the Court of Justice and the answer is clear even though the circumstances of the current case may not be identical; (c) the correct interpretation of the law is so obvious as to leave no room for reasonable doubt. In the early days of the EEC, when the national courts of the member states were still struggling with the notion of a supreme Community law, many decisions in the UK and other member states such as Germany and Italy indicated a more lax approach to the use of what is now the Article 234 procedure. In HP Bulmer Ltd V Bollinger SA[9] Lord Denning suggested a reference would only be necessary if it was deemed to be conclusive to a judgment. Such cases do not represent the law today, having been undermined by the definitive CILFIT ruling, which has been endorsed and applied in many subsequent rulings: Intermodal Transports BV v Staatssecretaris van Financià «n.[10] It should also be noted that the European Court’s predisposition towards contextual and purposive interpretation designed to buttress and sometimes even proactively increase the efficacy of EC law is readily apparent in this field. In Broekmeulen v Huisarts Registratie Commissie[11] the question was whether the appeal committee of a medical body constituted a â€Å"court or tribunal† under the terms of Article 234. The Court of Justice held that it was imperative to ensure the proper functioning of Community law that it should get the opportunity to rule on references from as many forms of body as possible and thus included the committee in question within the notional ambit of â€Å"court or tribunal† in the context of Article 234. This general judicial policy, if consistently pursued, bodes well for the harmonious application of Community law. Concluding Comments It is submitted that to assert that the uniform application of Community law can never be achieved because it is too easy for national courts to decide important points of Community law for themselves is an unduly negative stance to take. It is undeniably difficult to achieve the perfectly uniform application of Community law in the circumstances in which the EU finds itself, and doubtless as the boundaries of the Union extend, both in geographic and legislative terms, the task of ensuring uniform application will become ever more exacting. However, the legislative mechanisms to guarantee the consistent application of Community law are in place and the Court of Justice has proved itself committed to the role of policing the application of EU law and enthusiastic in the fulfilment of that end. Inevitably teething troubles will persist as legal systems are slow to adapt to change and generally resistant to external reform but as each year passes it is predicted that Community law will enjoy more consistent interpretation and application on the foundations of rigorous jurisprudence delivered by the European Court. Perfect uniformity may never be achieved, but then where in life is perfection possible? Effective uniformity is an achievable end, and it is submitted that EU law will in time achieve this. THE END WORD COUNT: 1132 (word count for answer only exceeded word limit to account only for the reproduction of Article 234 in full) BIBLIOGRAPHY Craig De Burca, EU law Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford University Press: 2003) Steiner Woods, Textbook on EC Law (Oxford University Press: 2003) Stephen Weatherill, Cases and Materials on EU Law, (Oxford University Press: 2004) Treaty of Rome (as amended) 1 Footnotes [1] For example in the United Kingdom distinct legal systems operate in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. [2] Case 26/62. [3] Case 6/64. [4] Case 43/75. [5] Case 314/85. [6] C-461/03. [7] Case 283/81. [8] Formerly Article 177 EC. [9] [1974] Ch 401. [10] Case C-495/03. [11] Case 246/80.

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education Essays Papers

Plagiarism and the Internet A major concern among college students, high school students, professors and teachers is plagiarism. Most students are unaware of what exactly plagiarism is. They all have general ideas, but most donÏ€t know the extent to which it spans. On the other side, teachers and professors are unaware of how to handle the situation. All the technological advances and the World Wide Web make it easier for students to pass off anotherÏ€s work as their own. Plagiarism can be defined as using anotherÏ€s words or ideas as your own without stating the source of information. This not only includes words or ideas, but pictures, graphs, charts, and statistics. The only case where citing is unnecessary is when the fact is common knowledge that can be found in a variety of places and most people know about it. Students who plagiarize from the internet, donÏ€t even consider it really plagiarizing. They feel that since it is not a hard copy of the work that it really isnÏ€t wrong. This goes back to the idea that students today arenÏ€t even sure what to consider plagiarism. With the creation of the World Wide Web, students have the ability to access great amounts of information at a faster speed. Years ago, in order to plagiarize students had to spend hours searching through books to copy information from to write a paper. The internet today contains information on so many topics, that is almost impossible to not find what you are looking for. There are even websites that specialize in providing students with papers. The task of plagiarizing from the internet has become so popular that according to a survey found in Education Week, ≠¥54% of students admitted to plagiarizing from the internet≠¤ (≠¥Statistics≠¤ 1). The commonness of plagiarizing has grown so much from past decades that is becoming hard to control. Although, plagiarism has become so easily accomplished, the same can not be said for catching plagiarists. There is just too much information of the World Wide Web, that it makes it almost impossible for plagiarists to be caught in the act.

The Common Traits of Successful Websites Essay -- Sell Websites Buy We

The Common Traits of Successful Websites A website is a new way to communicate without direct personal interaction. It is a place on the internet where one can post anything from personal information to commercial advertising. The major advantage of websites is the fact that they are accessible to anyone in the world. The only restriction is that the person must have a computer and a modem. From that point on, the options are immeasurable. One can read different personal homepages, visit commercial sites and do valuable research. All of these sites can be created by anyone who wishes to take the time to learn the necessary computer language. The creator of any type of website must take into account certain important guidelines in order to create an effective and successful page. The most common type of website is a personal homepage. Homepages make it possible for an internet surfer to learn about someone s/he does not even know. It is almost an invitation to one's personal home without any direct personal contact. All homepages differ greatly in their content. However, they all must have specific, necessary facets in order to be successful websites. Firstly, and most importantly, a homepage must serve a purpose. Whether this purpose is to have fun, to display artwork, or to produce an on-line resume, is irrelevant, as long as the page serves a purpose. I have visited numerous websites, and they all serve some sort of function. Three specific pages to which I will refer are Jeff Seiden's personal homepage, Emily Reith's personal page and Sarah Borcher's homepage. These three pages are all examples which represent different college students. They are of different ages: Jeff, a freshman; Emily, a sophomore; and Sarah, a s... ...commercial, must have are purpose, focus, coherence and links. Without these four necessary factors, it is nearly impossible to have a successful homepage. Works Cited Burgess, John. "Glitch Reveals the Power of the Internet." _The Washington Post_ 31 Jan. 1994, WB17. Donlin, Dennis. "Scaling New Media Mountains". _Advertising Age_ 27 March 1995: 22. Dyer, Gillian. "Advertising As Communication". New York: Routledge, 1982. Holiday Inns, Inc. Homepage Hotchkiss, George Burton, M.A. _An Outline of Advertising_. New York: The Macmilan Company, 1933. "Internet Ads: The Debate Goes On." Advertising Age 2 May 1994: 23. Rotzoll, Kim B., James E. Haefner, and Charles H. Sandage. _Advertising in Contemporary Society_. Cincinnati: South-western Publishing Co., 1990. "Web Sites Top List of Internet Advertisers." _Los Angeles Times_ 11 Dec. 1995, D3.

Discussion Questions

DQ1: Please describe the kinds of evidence that a plaintiff can present in order to establish a negligent act. In a negligence suit, the plaintiff has the burden of proving that the defendant did not act as a reasonable person would have acted under the circumstances. The court will instruct the jury as to the standard of conduct required of the defendant. For example, a defendant sued for negligent driving is judged according to how a reasonable person would have driven in the same circumstances.A plaintiff has a variety of means of proving that a defendant did not act as the hypothetical reasonable person would have acted. The plaintiff can show that the defendant violated a statute designed to protect against the type of injury that occurred to the plaintiff. Also, a plaintiff might introduce expert witnesses, evidence of a customary practice, or circumstantial evidence. DQ2. Research one court case addressing Health Care Law that corresponds to the material in this seminar's read ing and write a 1-2 paragraph summary of the case.Please be sure to include the case name in your reference listing and the source of your information. The case that I chose to write on came from our textbook, but I did some additional research online and found more information on this particular case. The case involves a mother and father who filed a wrongful death suit against their OB/GYN’s for the wrongful death of their unborn son. Initially, the court found in favor of the physicians, but after an appeal process to the U. S. Supreme Court of Appeals, they were granted a judgment in their favor. Tara Reese went to the Fort Worth Osteopathic Medical Center emergency room in her seventh month of pregnancy, complaining of a racing pulse and dizziness. Doctors determined that she had a high pulse rate and high blood pressure and sent her to the labor and delivery room for further observation. On multiple occasions through the course of the evening, doctors monitored the hear t tones of the fetus, which were often difficult to detect. The following morning the doctors confirmed that the fetus would be stillborn.Tara and her husband, Donnie Reese, brought suit against Fort Worth Osteopathic Hospital, Osteopathic Family Medicine Clinics, Craig Smith, D. O. , Roberta Beals, D. O. , Reid Culton, D. O. , and John Chapman, D. O. (health care providers), for negligence, gross negligence, and vicarious liability, seeking damages under the wrongful death and survival statutes and for personal injuries to Tara Reese. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of all health care providers. The Reeses appealed all claims except that against Dr.Chapman. The court of appeals affirmed the summary judgment disposing of Donnie Reeses individual bystander claim, but reversed the remainder of the summary judgment, remanding the case to the trial court. The health care providers petitioned this Court for review, arguing that the court of appeals incorrectly held that the Reeses could assert wrongful death and survival actions and that Tara Reese could assert her own individual claim. Donnie Reese did not appeal the adverse judgment against his individual claim. (Phillips, 2003) Essentially, this case has a lot of grey area that borders on the hot topic of abortion and whether a fetus is considered alive and entitled to all the rights before it is born. Another issue I found with this case is that you are going to find the same types of cases across the U. S. with different outcomes depending on the state in which the trial was held. References Phillips, T. U. S. Supreme Court of Appeals, the Second District of Texas. (2003). Reese v. fort worth osteopathic hospital inc. (02-1061). Retrieved from THE SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS website: http://www. supreme. courts. state. tx. us/historical

Food Adulteration Essay

Kraft Foods offer a wide variety of products. They offer delicious foods and beverages for every lifestyle on the go. While exploring the website of Kraft seems to define their product mix as foods that are geared more towards the people on the go. I would define their product mix as health/wellness foods, quick fix meals, snacks and beverages as well as offering a Premium line of foods. In their health/wellness foods they offer products in a â€Å"light† form such as things like Philadelphia light cream cheese and reduce fat cookies. For meals on the go or quick fix meals Kraft have designed meals like the Kraft Mac & Cheese Cups, frozen meals and sandwich kits. They offer a wide variety of snack foods including everyone’s favorite cookie Oreo’s and Splendips. The Premium line that Kraft offers includes foods like DiGornio Pizza and Oscar Myer bacon. Kraft offers 8 product lines with over 50 different brands. Kraft’s product mix is the offering of their premium foods, such as DiGornao Ultimate Pizza which is made as a higher quality pizza then the standard. Tombstone Mexican Style Pizza is offered as a convenience food as a favorite food of teenage boys. It was designed for the ease of cooking a easy, quick, healthy meal. Tang is real fruit goodness of oranges. Everyone will surely love its sweet, refreshing flavor plus the added nutrition it gives. It is also instant drink mix offering the convenience food again. South Beach Diet foods are part of their healthy yet, convenience foods. The line offers alternatives to other popular diet fads. South Beach Diet foods play on wholegrain and the correct or right fats like canola oil and olive oil. In this line they also offer bars for a fast way to fill a craving during the day.

Whan were the foreign policy successes, and what were the failures, of Essay

Whan were the foreign policy successes, and what were the failures, of the Truman administration - Essay Example There’s no even attitude to Truman’s foreign policy course. Some consider him as a president who surrendered millions of people to communism and sent thousands of Americans to death in Korea. Some believe that he contributed to the reconstruction of Europe and Japan, resisting Communism to the extent possible and creating NATO as body of collective security. To determine how successful or unsuccessful was international activities of Truman administration, we adopt the viewpoint of realist school which considers the U.S. as an ordinary country in pursue of self-interest the same way as other powerful countries. Truman had to consider many issues in after-war period. Geo-political post-war landscape changed and the U.S had an opportunity to get a control of international situation of the day. On the other hand Truman had to consider how his foreign policy could effect domestic economic interests and influence public opinion of government officials, media and other powerful groups within the country. All in all Truman faced very difficult situation to handle. The competition between the Soviet Union and the United States began at the end of World War II. Both of the states attempted to align the post-war international order with their interests. The focus of interest for the U.S. after the war was control over Europe, namely Truman was interested in Poland and future of Germany. Truman viewed Germany important to balance the power in Europe. Rising nuclear power of the U.S. gave Truman unprecedented confidence to â€Å"press European negotiations to impasse by refusing the Russians access to the Ruhr, rejecting even their low bid for $4 billion in industrial reparations, and withdrawing the Yalta accords.† (Offner, 1999) However, Truman missed long-term benefits which he lost because of this policy. Zonal reparations, which America insisted on, hindered development of common economy for Germany and contributed to the further

Misevaluation Affects the Failure of Merger and Acquisition Activities Dissertation

Misevaluation Affects the Failure of Merger and Acquisition Activities - Dissertation Example The literature review chapter highlighted the ideas, views and opinions of different academicians and researchers along with discussing them at length. The literature review illustrated that mergers and acquisitions are often driven by misevaluation that leads to the failure in the long term as the market corrects the misevaluation. Moreover, mergers and acquisitions are driven by managerial optimism that leads to the failure in the long term. A detailed approach has been presented in the chapter that also covers other elements affecting the result of mergers and acquisitions in the business environment. The research methodology chapter is based on secondary research method and case study approach that covers information on the merger of Time Warner and AOL. The study highlighted the reasons of failure along with stating the role of the management and other factors. Overall, the center of discussion was restricted to the impact of misevaluation in mergers and acquisitions. The finding and analysis chapter is based on the findings of the case study along with relating them to the literature review in a logical manner. The last chapter concludes the entire research by stating its strengths, limitations, results and outcomes in a descriptive and analytical manner. Every journey starts with a single idea and enthusiasm that makes the journey an experience. The research journey stated with an idea that took desired shape with the help, support and cooperation of many people. The researcher would like to thank his professor and supervisor†¦. for guiding him in the right direction through motivation and profound knowledge. His ideas often motivated the researcher making him achieve the proposed aim and objectives of the research. His continuous guidance and feedback helped in understanding the intricacies of the research topic along with gaining a new perspective through a thorough understanding of the subject matter. The researcher would also like to thank the University for offering all kind of support in terms of access to library and free access to professors that made the research an easy task. The role

Single Cell Protein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Single Cell Protein - Essay Example Although, there is a global shortage of protein, the shortage is in developing countries which cannot afford this technology. There are several advantages in using microorganisms as a food source. They occupy less room then conventional crops and animals; therefore they can grow on a wide range of cheap or waste products of agriculture and industry. They grow much more rapidly, are more easily modified by genetic engineering and so have relatively high protein content. They are independent of climate and do not occupy the large areas of land. There also are fewer ethical issues associated with there exploitation and no animal rights issues. There are different uses of yeast and fungi; like it can produce dietary supplements known as single cell protein (SCP). Yeast species are efficient in producing large amounts of different types of vitamins and is also used in the commercial production of that vitamin. Other species like yeasts can also be utilized in brewing, which can absorb as well as store vitamins from their food. It is healthy for people to take yeasts as vitamin supplements. Yeast fungi can also produce huge amount of useful stuff such as numerous enzymes, industrial alcohol, glycerol and fat. The yeasts are also helpful in commercial production of these substances. The Single Cell Protein (SCP) is produced by using bacteria, fungi, yeast or algae. SCP, for the time being, is very successful for using alternative cheaper proteins such as Soya bean, and lack of research into value-added products derived from microorganisms. Recent studies show that autolysis is an efficient method of extracting protein from the yeast; the internal cell's enzymes actions can actually cause the breakdown of cell constituents. If yeast is exposed at a very high temperature, it can speed up the process of autolysis. In reality, getting the best result of the finished product (in terms of flavor, quality or yield), totally depends on the solubiliszation of the cell contents in autolysis; it is a vital and indispensable step. In spite of this significant process, there are few common understandings of these biological modifications which happen during autolysis. Furthermore, almost every study on yeast autolysis have only been conducted with only one Saccharomyces cerevisiae know as yeast specie,and no study have been done to know the autolysis reaction of different species. Yeast was treated in laboratory which fermented the production; presently a lot of research is in progress in the department of Chemical & Life Sciences which is also examining other species like Kluyveromyces marxianus (dairy yeast),as it can produce novel yeast extracts. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data) software is also assisting this procedure and the effect of reaction of the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment on consequential nutritive value and flavor enhancement is still being investigated. According to the recent research it is been found that yeast which produce protein contains highly nutritional matter (up to 50% dry weight basis). Therefore, controlled conditions during autolysis will result in the activation of yeast proteases which degrade yeast proteins into soluble peptides and amino acids. Another name of SCP is microbial protein or microbial food. Due to the

World of Work Silver - Organisational Awareness Coursework

World of Work Silver - Organisational Awareness - Coursework Example 8). Today, Jaguar cars are designed by Jaguar Land Rover engineering center in Coventry, at the Whitney plant. The cars are then manufactured in Birmingham at Castle Bromwich assembly plant. Other manufacturing takes place at the Solihull plant (Salama, 2012, p. 10). Jaguar Land Rover is the largest automotive manufacturing business in the United Kingdom. The business is built around two main British car brands. These brands are Land Rover and Jaguar. Land Rover leads on the line of manufacturing premium all-wheel drive cars. For Jaguar, it is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of premier sports cars marques and luxury sports saloon cars. Jaguar Land Rover has greatly transformed the business under the ownership of Tata Motors Limited. It has transformed the business in order to achieve the full ability of its classy brands and realize profitable results. What drives this business is a world-class comprising of about 26,000 people worldwide. In addition, the business supports more 190,000 jobs in the United Kingdom through dealer network, supply chain and a wider economy (Denton, 2012, p. 18). All cars produced by this company are designed and engineered in the United Kingdom. Even though the business has plans of expanding globally, the business’ heart remains in the United Kingdom. The business has invested billions of pounds in research, development facilities and its state of the art production. In fact, in the manufacturing sector, Jaguar Land Rover has made the highest investment in R&D. It therefore means it is ahead of Rolls-Royce and British Aerospace. With this kind of investment, along with the on-going efforts to encourage local communities encourage people seek jobs related to engineering; the business has been awarded as the responsible business of the year. Jaguar Land Rover takes great pride in this recognition and more so the award. Jaguar Land Rover has greatly benefited from its international expansion. This company has a

Latinos as into the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Latinos as into the United States - Essay Example Factors driving Mexican migration to the United States in 1848-1945 Mexican revolution in 1910 was the push factor that sparked a large exodus of Mexican laborers to the southwest though this push coincided with a pull force in United State of economic development (Ornelas, 1999). Economic development mainly in California, Arizona and Texas contributed by extensive irrigation system, elaborate transport system and the demand induced by World War 1 (Ornelas, 1999). Social and economic instability in home land caused Mexican laborers to be attracted in United State where unskilled laborers in southwestern industries were paid even five times better compared to similar industries in the home country (Ornelas, 1999), thus higher wage was the attractive pull force to Mexican. According to Ornelas department of labor in 1914 reported that about 8000 aliens mainly of Mexican had entered United State at Eagle pass, Significant northward movement by Mexican laborer began with construction of Mexican railroad connecting United State border towns with Mexico city and greatly increased with completion of construction of rail road in 1980’s (Ornelas,1999) this is because rail road provided the most common mode of transport for Mexican migrant.aso automobile transport provided another means of transport to United State (Ornelas,1999). Due to intensified military operation after the assassination of President Francisco Madero, many people were panic stricken and this lead to expanded dimension of movement across the border and many Mexican ended up in United State (Ornelas, 1999).

The Phenomenon of Aging Essay Example for Free

The Phenomenon of Aging Essay Aging is an existential phenomenon, which is a natural part of development of universal significance (Erickson, 1963 Havighurst, 1959, in Ponzo, 1992). It is a biological, psychological, and sociological phenomenon. People have specific tasks to accomplish, as they grow older. For example, Erickson views middle age and late adulthood as a time when the individual must develop a sense of generativity and ego integrity or become stagnant and despairing. Jung (1969) believes spirituality is a domain that those over 40 are uniquely qualified to explore. Despite an increased understanding of aging and an ever-growing number of older adults, the elderly have to deal with age-based expectations and prejudices. As with other minority groups, elderly individuals are subject to negative stereotypes and discrimination. For instance, â€Å"older people often are tagged with uncomplimentary labels such as senile, absentminded, and helpless† (McCracken, Hayes, Dell, 1997, in Gladding, 2000). This negative attitudes and stereotypes, which are known as ageism, prevent intimate encounters with people in different age groups and sometimes lead to outright discrimination (Butler Lewis, 1973; Bulter et al., 1998). In a review of attitudes towards older individuals, Atkinson and Hackett (1998) found that elderly persons are considered to be rigid, and not adaptable in their thought processes; thought to be in poor health and not very intelligent or alert; inappropriate to have sexual interest or activity. Negative attitude toward elderly persons were present in college students, and among medical staff who feel uncomfortable around elderly patients. Jokes about old age abound and are primarily negative in nature. These negative stereotypes lead to elderly peoples being viewed as less valued members of society. Older women are even more likely to be viewed negatively by society as a whole. Elderly individuals may come to accept these views and suffer a loss of self-esteem (Sue Sue, 1999). Unfortunately, individuals who are growing old often deny and dread the process, a phenomenon that Friedan (1993, in Belsky, 1999) calls â€Å"the age mystique. † Even counselors are not immune to ageist attitudes (Belsky, 1999). Healthy Old Age Old age can be emotionally healthy and a satisfying time of life with a minimum of physical and mental impairment. Butler et al. (1998) observed that besides the general lack of interest in older persons, science and medicine have been more concerned with treating â€Å"what went wrong† than with clarifying the complex, interwoven elements necessary to produce and support health. Medicine and the behavioral sciences have mirrored societal attitudes by presenting old age as a grim litany of physical and emotional illness. Until 1960, most of the medical, psychological, psychiatric, and social work literature on the aged was based on experience with the sick and the institutionalized, even though only 5% of the older people were confined to institutions. Decline of the individual was the key concept. Fortunately, research studies that have concentrated on the healthy aged give indications of positive potential for the entire age group. What is healthy old age? In 1994, the World Health Organization first defined health as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. † This represents an ideal with many possible interpretations. But the broad elements of health -physical, emotional, and social- is the framework in which one can begin to analyze what is going on well in addition to what is going wrong. The attempt must be made to locate those conditions that enable humans to thrive, not merely survive. The unique developmental task in old age is to clarify, deepen, and find use for what one has already attained in a lifetime of learning and adapting (Butler et al.1998). Erickson (1963) stated it as ego integrity, the psychosocial task of later life involving accepting one’s life in order to accept impending death. The possessor of this integrity is ready to defend the dignity of his or her own life style against all odds, and they know that life has meaning. Paradoxically this sense of personal significance allows them to accept their insignificance in life-that is, the reality of death (Belsky, 1999). According to Atchely (1994) Butler et al. (1998) the ability of the older person to adapt and thrive is contingent on physical health, personality, earlier life experiences, and on the societal supports he or she receives; adequate finances, shelter, medical care, social roles, recreation, and the like. As is true of children, adolescents, and middle-aged, it is imperative that older people continue to develop and change in a flexible manner if health is to be promoted and maintained. Optimal growth and adaptation can occur throughout the life cycle when the individual’s strength and potentials are recognized, reinforced and encouraged by the environment in which he or she lives.

History of Light Gauge Steel

History of Light Gauge Steel History and Development of Light Gauge Steel Within the Construction Industry At the end of World War Two, many countries, including the United Kingdom, Japan, France and Germany were suffering from an acute housing shortage. It was at this time that the use of light gauge steel was introduced into the construction industry by using it as a cladding system within the building of steel framed pre-fab houses. These pre-fabs were poorly designed with little insulation causing cold bridging and ultimately condensation and dampness within the interior of the buildings. This has led to many of these buildings being demolished and traditional brick homes constructed in their place. Despite this, with improved insulation, light gauge steel has continued to be used as an infill structure on multi storey buildings built from hot rolled steel or concrete frames. Commercial and retail buildings in particular continued to benefit from its diverse capabilities, using it as a cladding system which can be formed into many different shapes. In the USA, since 1990 over 20% of a ll affordable homes are now built using this method and it is still growing year on year (Koones, 2006). However, in the UK, we are not using advances in technology as we should be, meaning the buildings that we construct are responsible for almost half of our carbon emissions, half of our water consumption, around a third of our landfill waste and a quarter of all raw materials used in the UK (Smith R A, et al. 2003). This means that the UKs sustainable development targets cannot be met without a fundamental change to the way in which buildings are constructed. The national targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions and the drive for buildings that generate zero carbon in operation present a huge challenge to the building industry (Corus. Sustainable Steel Construction). These drivers have forced the industry to radically change the way in which it constructs its buildings developing other forms of construction to comply with new building regulations and sustainability issues. Advances in technology have led to improved building designs enabling many of the problems that were associated with light gauge steel in previous buildings to be overcome. Other forms of construction have also evolved, most of which are now capable of being manufactured in a factory and shipped to the site ready for assembly. These are known as Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) and their use has been encouraged by Government and the Building Research Establishment (BRE) due to their impact on the environment and benefits to the end user. In 2006, the MMC market split was: Â £414 million for volumetric (based on manufacturers selling price), 52,797 timber frame units (houses and commercial), Â £61 million for light gauge steel frame (which equates to around 6,100 units), 750 SIPS units (estimate) (BRE 2nd March 09). Today the properties of light gauge steel are being utilised, not only as a cladding system but as a complete building product, replacing bricks and blocks with thin studs of steel fixed together to form non-load bearing or load bearing walls. The studs that are used are formed by folding the strips of galvanised, light gauge steel into the required shape, of which there are many. The most common shape being C sections which are usually formed for use within walls. These vary in size from 40 225 mm and between 0.56 3.2mm in diameter depending on whether or not they are to be used in exterior, interior, load bearing or non-load bearing elements of the building. The steel used is galvanized, providing it with a protective coating for internal applications and has a standard coating of G275 (275 grams/m2). As it is only suitable for interior applications then the entire light gauge steel structure has to be enclosed within a protective covering. This is referred to as the envelope or a warm frame structure and is formed using insulation and a protective vapour barrier. The warm frame structure enables the building to have excellent thermal properties, surpassing the minimum U-Value levels of the Building Regulations 2000. Within the UK the design code for light gauge steel is BS9590 part 5; European design code is Eurocode 3 part 1.3 these are intended to be set of technical rules for the design of buildings using this method of construction. Light gauge steel has the best strength to weight ratio over any other building material and these high strength to weight ratios equate to six tonnes of steel achieving the same performance as 120 tonnes of concrete (SCI, 2007) and as a consequence of its light weight, dependant on ground conditions, less substantial foundations, even the use of prefabricated ground beams assembled to form the foundations may be suitable. Its light weight also inevitably means fewer deliveries to site, in turn causing less disruption to the local community. There are a number of ways in which the elements of a light gauge steel building can be constructed, one of which has taken its name from timber framed buildings where each element of the building is cut to length and fixed together on site. This is referred to as stick building and is a very labour intensive method which, along with a carpenter for timber frames, requires several years of training. This is similar to traditional construction but instead replacing the bricks and mortar with light gauge steel, a good method for one off buildings but it also prevents the benefits gained by off site manufacture to be achieved. The opposite to stick building is the volumetric system. This is the most factory based form of construction and involves the delivery on site of, usually, a complete room fully fitted out with all fixtures and fittings. This minimises on site installation work and only requires the individual pods to be fixed together increasing the rate of construction of the bu ilding. This form of construction is very good for buildings where a repeated style of room is required such as student accommodation blocks or a hospital. When the design of a building is more complex then the cost of producing individual pods significantly rises. The factory based fabrication of the pods ensures a high standard of workmanship with a precision of +0 to -2mm tolerance being achievable and also minimises the traffic, waste, labour, and time spent constructing the buildings resulting in savings for the developer whilst minimising the impact on the environment. The open panel method is another design used with light gauge steel structures. It involves the assembly of the walls, floor or roof within a factory based environment and delivered to the site when needed. All insulation, services, cladding and internal finishes are then fitted on site. The direct factory based savings for the open panel method is reduced due to the fact that the superstructure of a building only amounts to about 15% of the total construction costs. Any savings made using the system would be modest but the reduced time spent on site related to the use of this method would be where the savings would be made. The closed panel method also involves the production of the elements of the building within a factory but will also have the insulation and vapour barrier fixed to it. The services, internal finishes, doors, windows etc may also be in place and the different elements of the building would only require fixing together on site which is usually achieved, as in other methods, by welding, riveting, screwing or crimping. Costs of MMC have been muted as a barrier to the progression of their use and the Barker Review of Housing Supplies (2004) stated that At the present time, traditional brick and block methods of construction remain cheaper, in many cases, than modern methods of construction, including off-site manufacture (OSM). Only four years later a 2008 BRE report (SmartLIFE Lessons Learned), published its findings on a pilot project in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire. It found that light gauge steel construction was in fact, cheaper than the traditional method of brick and block and also that of other MMC used, including timber framed and insulated concrete formwork. According to the SmartLIFE report the advantage of an ongoing partnership and understanding between the light gauge steel manufacturer and the main contractor was a factor in the methods cost effectiveness. The SmartLIFE project was undertaken to find the best ways the UK can deliver a greater volume of sustainable, affordab le and high quality homes in less time, using both traditional and innovative methods of construction. In comparison to other MMC, light gauge steels long roof and floor span capabilities also add to its diversity. Rooms can be changed around within the building by simply moving interior walls which do not require demolition as opposed to other methods. They can also be disassembled and reused or recycled unlike, for example, insulated concrete formwork walls. Whilst there are benefits to using light gauge steel there are also disadvantages including the metals thermal conductivity. Unlike a timber framed building, heat can quickly conduct across a metal stud and with many studs in a wall this can reduce the temperature within a room ensuring the u value of the wall is reduced. To rectify this additional exterior insulation is required at extra cost to the developer. There are also fears about corrosion problems. If the building is not kept within its warm envelope then deterioration of the metal could be a problem. A counter argument is that timber rots far easier and quicker than me tal and timber can also be a food source for a variety of animals. The electric conduciveness of the frame also means that extra work is needed to ensure the wiring does not come into contact with the frame. In modular and closed panel construction this would be undertaken in factory conditions and would be easily overcome but with on site installation it inevitably means further responsibility falls on to the sub-contractor electrician. Perhaps the most serious of its disadvantages is the thermal conductivity of the metal frame and its ability to cause the structure to collapse. To tackle this problem the fixing of two layers of gypsum plasterboard at staggered joints gives the metal frame a fire resistant time suitable to exceed the minimum fire safety requirements of Part B (Fire Safety) of the Building Regulations 2000. The acoustic performance of light gauge steel has also been questioned but the necessary double layer of plasterboard also takes the level of acoustic performance past the necessary requirements outlined in Part E (Resistance to the passage of sound) of the Building Regulations 2000. The high embodied energy of light gauge steel is also a disadvantage to people who have no knowledge of its reusability and recyclability. To calculate the embodied energy within construction components the World Steel Association uses the system expansion method of lifecycle assessment, which is the preferred approach of the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) 14040 series of environmental standards. Although it is high in proportion to other MMC it is its ability of indefinite re-use and recycling without its qualities ever decreasing which differentiates it from all other methods of construction. Unlike traditional forms of construction light gauge steel benefits from low waste, adaptability, off site manufacture, re-usability, recyclability and resource efficiency making it one of the most sustainable building methods available within the UK. The buildings that can be produced by this method are light, open and very adaptable meaning old buildings would not have to be demolished when they are deemed unsuitable. The interiors would be simply rearranged to meet the end users requirements thus prolonging the life span of the building. Light gauge steel can and does exceed the requirements of todays low level building requirements and in conjunction with other methods of construction its benefits are also widened to medium and high rise buildings. However, a number of barriers will have to be overcome if light gauge steel is to become a prominent method of construction. Consumer confidence and the stigma of pre-fab buildings will have to be improved upon which can only be achieved by educating the consumer on the benefits of light gauge steel, including its whole life cycle properties. Finally financial aspects will have to be challenged including mortgage lenders and insurers who will essentially become a part of the education system. Their own education in the use of light gauge steel will enable them to encourage the use of and be involved in the progression of Modern Methods of Construction. Bibliography AMA Research Ltd, Current Practices and Future Potential in Modern Methods of Construction, waste and resources action programme. (2007) Barker K, Review of Housing Supply, Delivering Stability: Securing Our Future Housing Needs. Final Report and Recommendations, (2004), HM Treasury. BRE, Assessing the Sustainability of Prefabricated Construction Techniques: Building Research Establishment, (2003) BRE, Designing Quality Buildings, HIS BRE Press, (2007) CABE. Design and Modern Methods of Construction: Commission for the Built Environment, (2004) Communities and Local Government, Code for Sustainable Homes, Technical Guide, Department for Communities and Local Government, (2009) Corus BCSA. Sustainable Steel Construction, Building a sustainable future, (date unknown) Corus. Start Building With Fnished Rooms, Modular Building System, (2006). Currie D M, The use of Light- Gauge Cold Formed Steelwork in Construction, developments in research and design, Bre report, IHS BRE Press, (1989) Davison B Owens G, Steel Designers Manual, Blackwell publishing, Sixth Edition, The Steel Construction Institute, (2003) Dye A et al, Environmental Construction Handbook, RIBA, (2008) GRUBB P J et al, Light Steel Framing in Residential Construction, SCI Publication P301, (date unknown) GVA Grimley, Cities, Commerce Carbon: The Role of Property, (2009) Koones, S. (2006), Steel Frames Enter the Mainstream, Free Press, Smart Home Owner, May/June 2006. ODPM, Sustainable Communities: Building for the Future, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, (2003) Perkins M Z, The Utilization of Light Gauge Steel In Residetial Construction In The State Of Utah, Thesis, (2009) Ross Keith et al, A Guide to Modern Methods of Construction, NHBC Foundation, HIS BRE Press, (2006) ROSS Keith, Modern Methods of House Construction. Building Research Establishment, (2005) Sir John Egan. Rethinking Construction, Report of the Construction Task Force, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. (1998) Sir John Egan, Egan Review of Skills for Sustainable Communities: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, (2004) SmartLIFE Lessons Learned, (2008), HIS BRE Press. BRE Report BR500 Smith R A, et al, The Construction Industry Mass Balance: resource use, wastes and emissions, Viridis Report VR4 (Revised), 2003, ISSN 1478-0143 Steel Construction Sector Sustainability Committee. Sustainable Steel Construction Building a Better Future. (2001) The Steel Construction Institute, Handbook of Structural Steelwork, 4th Edition, The British Constructional Steelwork Association Limited, (2007) TRADA, Manual for the Design of Timber Building Structures to EuroCode 5, (2007) Modern Methods of Construction, Evolution or Revolution? BURA, (2005) Unknown author, http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/ (2009), Her Majestys Treasury, accessed 9th December 2009. Unknown author, http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/england/public/ (2009), HMSO, accessed 9th December 2009 Unknown author, http://www.communities.gov.uk/corporate/, (2009), accessed 3rd December 2009 Unknown Author, http://www.hexaport.com/ (2009), Hexaport International, accessed 7th December 2009 Unknown author, http://www.bre.co.uk/ (2000 2009), The Building Research Establishment Trust, accessed 9th December 2009 Unknown author, http://www.azobuild.com/ (2009), AZoM.com Pty Ltd, accessed 8th December 2009

The Contrast of Virginia Woolf and Alice Walker Essay -- Writers Moral

The Contrast of Virginia Woolf and Alice Walker After reading the four essays assigned to this sequence, it becomes interesting to contrast two author's points of view on the same subject. Reading one professional writer's rewriting of a portion of another professional writer's essay brings out many of each of their characteristics and views. Also, the difference in writing styles could be drastic, or slight. Nevertheless, the writers display how versatile the English language can be. Alice Walker was born in 1944 as a farm girl in Georgia. Virginia Woolf was born in London in1882. They have both come to be highly recognized writers of their time, and they both have rather large portfolios of work. The scenes the might have grown up seeing and living through may have greatly influenced their views of subjects which they both seem to write about. In her essay "In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens," Alice Walker speaks first about the untouchable faith of the black women of the post-Reconstruction South. She speaks highly of the faith and undying hope of these women and their families. She even comes to recognize them as saints as she describes their faith as "so intense, deep, unconscious, the they themselves were unaware of the richness they held" (Walker 694). In a passage in which she speaks about the treatment and social status of the women of the sixteenth century, Woolf explains that a woman who might have had a truly great gift in this time "would have surely gone crazy, shot herself, or ended up in some lonely cottage on the outside of town, half witch, half wizard, feared and mocked" (Woolf 749). Her use of some of these powerful nominative shows that she feels strongly about what she is writing. Also for her, life growing up and stories she may have heard may have influenced this passage greatly. In her passage she imagines what it may have been like had William Shakespeare had a sister. She notices how difficult it would be even given the same talents as Shakespeare himself, to follow throughout and utilize them in her life. It is clear after reading further into Woolf's passage that obviously she lived in a different time period, only about fifty years apart though. The way she relates and tells a very similar story with an entirely different setting shows without the reader even knowing that she wa... ... Whether this style that Virginia Woolf uses is correct or not, it is powerful and it pauses the reader and , most importantly, helps the reader think in exactly the same manner as she was when she wrote it. The pauses she experienced in her thoughts when she wrote the story about the story about the writer's sister are simulated and relived when the reader crosses them. Both writers do a fine job of stressing the morals in their writing. The reader can, in Walker's essay, put himself in the first person and imagine the South very easily because of how descriptive she is in her narration. The reader of Woolf's essay clearly can understand and come to realize the unfairness and downright cruelty of the pure neglect of hidden talent among many women throughout time. She does this through simply telling a good story. This perhaps show that Virginia Woolf may have been fond of Walker's work. Woolf chooses to clearly state and agree with the same points Walker makes and shows the ideas in a different light because indeed she is a different person with different attributes. This shows up dominantly in her rewriting of Walker's "In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens."